Uyini UMTHETHO KA-OHM? ➡️ Funda KULULA Ngokuzivivinya

Isingeniso soMthetho ka-Ohm:

Umthetho ka-Ohm Kuyindawo yokuqala yokuqonda izisekelo eziyisisekelo zikagesi. Ngokwalokhu kubukwa kubalulekile ukuthi sihlaziye isitatimende soMthetho ka-Ohm ngendlela efundekayo yethiyori. Ngenxa yesipiliyoni sethu emkhakheni, ukuhlaziywa kwalo mthetho kusivumela nokuthi sifeze iphupho lanoma yimuphi umsebenzi okhethekile endaweni: sisebenze kancane futhi senze okuningi, ngoba ngokuhumusha okulungile siyakwazi ukubona nokuhlaziya amaphutha kagesi. Kuwo wonke lo mbhalo sizokhuluma ngokubaluleka kwawo, imvelaphi, ukusetshenziswa kwezicelo nemfihlo yokuyiqonda kangcono.

¿Ubani owathola umthetho ka-Ohm?

UGeorg simon ohm (Erlangen, Bavaria; Mashi 16, 1789-Munich, Julayi 6, 1854) wayengusosayensi waseJalimane futhi eyisazi sezibalo owanikela ngomthetho ka-Ohm kumbono kagesi. [1]. U-Ohm waziwa ngokutadisha nokuhumusha ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla wegezi, amandla ayo kagesi kanye nokumelana, okwakha ngo-1827 umthetho ophethe igama lakhe othi Mina = V / R. Iyunithi yokumelana nogesi, i-ohm, iqanjwe ngaye. [1] (bheka isithombe 1)

UGeorg Simon Ohm noMthetho wakhe ka-Ohm (citeia.com) — Umdwebo 1 UGeorg Simon Ohm nomthetho wakhe ka-Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Uthini umthetho ka-Ohm?

La Umthetho ka-Ohm kusungula: Amandla wamanje ngesekethe kagesi alingana ngqo namandla kagesi noma amandla kagesi (umehluko ongaba khona V) futhi ngokulingana ngokulingana nokumelana nogesi okukuvezayo (bona isithombe 2)

Ukuqonda lokho:

Inani	Uphawu lomthetho ka-Ohm	Iyunithi lesilinganiso	Indima	Uma uzibuza:
Ukucindezeleka	E	I-Volt (V)	Ingcindezi edala ukugeleza kwama-electron	E = amandla e-electromotive noma i-voltage eyenziwe
Sakaza	I	I-Ampere (A)	Amandla wamanje kagesi	I = intensity
Ukuphikiswa	R	Om (Ω)	i-flow inhibitor	Ω = uhlamvu lwesiGreki omega

E= Umehluko Ongase Usebenze Kagesi noma amandla e-electromotive "ithemu elidala lesikole" (Ama-Volts "V").
I= Ukuqina kwamandla kagesi (Amperes “Amp.”)
R= Ukumelana Nogesi (Ohms “Ω”)

Umdwebo 2; Ifomula Yomthetho ka-Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Uyini umthetho ka-Ohm?

Lona omunye wemibuzo ethakazelisa kakhulu abazibuza yona abafundi bakagesi/ama-electronics bamabanga okuqala, lapho siphakamisa ukuthi uwuqonde kahle kakhulu ngaphambi kokuqhubeka noma uqhubekele phambili nesinye isihloko. Masiyihlaziye isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: Ukumelana nogesi: Ukuphikisana nokugeleza kwamandla kagesi ngomqhubi. Amandla kagesi: Kungukugeleza kwenkokhiso kagesi (ama-electron) egijima kumqhubi noma impahla. Ukuhamba kwamanje inani lokukhokhiswa ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi, iyunithi yokukala kwalo yi-Ampere (Amp). Umehluko ongaba khona kagesi: Ubuningi bomzimba obulinganisa umehluko wamandla kagesi phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili. Kungachazwa futhi ngokuthi umsebenzi weyunithi ngayinye ukhokhiswa yinkambu kagesi kunhlayiya ekhokhisiwe ukuyisusa phakathi kwezikhundla ezimbili ezimisiwe. Iyunithi yayo yokukala yiVolt (V).

Isiphetho

Umthetho ka-Ohm Kuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu lokufunda amasekhethi kagesi kanye nesisekelo esiyisisekelo sezifundo zemisebenzi kaGesi kanye ne-Electronics kuwo wonke amazinga. Ukunikela isikhathi ekuhlaziyeni kwayo, kulokhu okuthuthukiswe kulesi sihloko (ngokweqisa kwayo), kubalulekile ukuqonda nokuhlaziya izimfihlo zokuxazulula inkinga.

Lapho singaphetha khona ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa koMthetho ka-Ohm:

Ukuphakama komehluko ongaba khona (V) bese kwehla ukumelana (Ω): Kukhula ngamandla umfutho wamandla kagesi (Amp).
Umehluko ongaba khona ophansi (V) nokumelana okuphezulu (Ω) : Amandla kagesi aphansi (Amp).

Ukuzivocavoca ukuqonda nokusebenzisa uMthetho ka-Ohm

Ukuzivocavoca kwe-1
Ukuzivocavoca kwe-2
Ukuzivocavoca kwe-3
Ukuzivocavoca kwe-4
Ukuzivocavoca kwe-5

Ukuzivocavoca kwe-1

Ukufaka isicelo se- Umthetho ka-Ohm Kumjikelezo olandelayo (umfanekiso 3) onokumelana no-R1= 10 Ω kanye nomehluko ongaba khona E1= 12V usebenzisa umthetho we-Ohm, umphumela uthi: I=E1/R1 I= 12V/10 Ω I = 1.2 Amp.

Umdwebo 3 Isifunda esiyisisekelo sikagesi (https://citeia.com)

Ukuhlaziywa Komthetho ka-Ohm (Isibonelo 1)

Ukuhlaziya umthetho ka-Ohm sizothuthela cishe eKerepakupai Merú noma e-Angel Falls (iKerepakupai Merú ngolimi lwabomdabu lwasePemón, okusho ukuthi "gxuma usuka endaweni ejulile"), iyimpophoma ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ene-979 m ukuphakama (807 m wokuwa okungaphazanyiswa), kwavela e-Auyantepuy. Itholakala eCanaima National Park, eBolívar, eVenezuela [2]. (bheka isithombe 4)

ukuqhathanisa ukuqhuma kwengelosi nomthetho ka-Ohm — Umdwebo 4. Ukuhlaziya Umthetho Ka-Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Uma ngokucabanga senza uhlaziyo sisebenzisa i- Umthetho ka-Ohm, ukwenza ukucabanga okulandelayo:

Ukuphakama kwe-Cascade njengomehluko ongaba khona.
Izithiyo zamanzi ekwindla njengokumelana.
Izinga Lokugeleza Kwamanzi kwe-Cascade njengokuqina kwamandla kagesi

Ukuzivocavoca 2:

Ngokulingana okulinganayo silinganisela isekethe ngokwesibonelo kusuka kumfanekiso 5:

Ukuhlaziywa komthetho ka-Ohm — Umdwebo 5 Ukuhlaziywa kokubekwa kwe-Ohm 1 (https://citeia.com)

Lapho u-E1= 979V kanye no-R1=100 Ω I=E1/R1 I= 979V/100 Ω I= 9.79 Amp.

khamay.com

Ukuhlaziywa Komthetho ka-Ohm (Isibonelo 2)

Manje kule virtualization, isibonelo, uma sithuthela kwenye impophoma ngokwesibonelo: Iguazú Falls, emngceleni phakathi Brazil kanye Argentina, e Guaraní Iguazú lisho "amanzi amakhulu", futhi igama ukuthi izakhamuzi bomdabu Southern Cone. yaseMelika yanikeza umfula ophakela izimpophoma ezinkulu kunazo zonke eLatin America, esinye sezimangaliso zomhlaba. Nokho, ehlobo lamuva baye baba nezinkinga ngokugeleza kwamanzi.[3] (bheka umfanekiso 6)

Ukuqhathaniswa okubonakalayo kwe-Iguazu Falls nomthetho ka-ohm — Umdwebo 6 Ukuhlaziya Umthetho Ka-Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Ukuzivocavoca 3:

Lapho sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuhlaziywa okubonakalayo kungu-E1 = 100V no-R1 = 1000 Ω (bona isithombe 7) Mina = E1 / R1 Mina = 100V / 1000 Ω Mina = 0.1 Amp.

Umfanekiso 7 Ukuhlaziywa komthetho ka-Ohm 2 (https://citeia.com)

Ukuhlaziywa Komthetho ka-Ohm (Isibonelo 3)

Kulesi sibonelo, abanye babafundi bethu bangase babuze, futhi yikuphi ukuhlaziya uma izimo zemvelo emanzini ase-Iguazú zithuthuka (esithemba ukuthi kuyoba njalo, sikhumbula ukuthi yonke into emvelweni kufanele ibe nokulinganisela). Ekuhlaziyeni okubonakalayo, sicabanga ukuthi ukumelana komhlabathi (ekudluleni kokugeleza) ngokombono kuyinto engashintshi, u-E angaba umehluko ongaba khona onqwabelene okhuphuka nomfula lapho ngenxa yalokho sizoba nokugeleza okwengeziwe noma ekuqhathaniseni kwethu amandla amanje (I ), kungaba isibonelo: (bheka umfanekiso 8)

ngokuqhathanisa impophoma ye-Iguazú ne-Ohm's lay — ukuhlaziywa kwesibalo 8 komthetho ka-Ohm 3 (https://citeia.com)

khamay.com

Ukuzivocavoca 4:

Ngokomthetho ka-Ohm, uma sandisa umehluko ongaba khona noma siqongelela amandla awo we-electromotive ngaphezulu, sigcina ukumelana njalo i-E1 = 700V ne-R1 = 1000 Ω (bheka isithombe 9)

Mina = E1 / R1
Mina = 700V / 1000 Ω
Mina = 0.7 Amp

Siyabona ukuthi umfutho wamanje (Amp) esifundeni uyakhula.

umjikelezo kagesi — Umdwebo 9 wokuhlaziywa komthetho ka-Ohm 4 (https://citeia.com)

Ukuhlaziya umthetho ka-Ohm ukuqonda izimfihlo zawo

Lapho umuntu eqala ukufunda umthetho ka-Ohm, abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi lo mthetho olula ungaba kanjani nezimfihlo? Empeleni ayikho imfihlo uma siyihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ngokweqisa kwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukungawuhlaziyi umthetho ngendlela efanele, ngokwesibonelo, kungasibangela ukuba sihlakaze isekethe kagesi (noma ngabe iyasebenza, ezintweni zikagesi, ngisho nasezingeni lezimboni) lapho kungaba ikhebula elimele noma isixhumi. Sizohlaziya icala ngamacala:

Icala 1 (Isifunda esivulekile):

ukuhlaziywa kwesekethe kagesi evulekile — Umfanekiso 10 Vula isekethe kagesi (https://citeia.com)

Uma sihlaziya isekethe ku-figure 10, ngomthetho ka-Ohm ugesi u-E1 = 10V futhi ukumelana kuleli cala kuyisivikelo (umoya) esivame ukungapheli ∞. Ngakho sine:

Mina = E1 / R
Mina = 10V / ∞ Ω

Lapho okwenzeka khona manje kuba ngu-0 Amp.

Icala 2 (Isifunda sifushane):

ukuhlaziywa kwesifunda sikagesi esifushane — Umdwebo we-11 wesekethe kagesi esifundeni esifushane (https://citeia.com)

Kulesi simo (umfanekiso 11) ukunikezwa kwamandla ngu-E=10V, kodwa isixhasi siyi-conductor leyo ithiyori eno-0Ω, ngakho-ke kulokhu kungaba isifunda esifushane.

Mina = E1 / R
Mina = 10V / 0 Ω

Lapho okwenzeka khona manje kumcabango kuvame ukungapheli (Am) Amp. Yini engakhubaza amasistimu okuvikela (amafyuzi), noma kwisoftware yethu yokulingisa kubangele ama-alamu okuqapha nawokuphutha. Yize empeleni amabhethri anamuhla anohlelo lokuvikela nemikhawulo yamanje, sincoma abafundi bethu ukuthi bahlole ukuxhumana futhi bagweme amasekethe amafushane (amabhethri, uma uhlelo lwawo lokuvikela lwehluleka, angaqhuma "Ukuqapha").

Ikesi 3 (ukuxhumeka noma ukwehluleka kwentambo)

Uma sesaba kusekethe kagesi umthombo wamandla u-E1 = 10V no-R1 = 10 Ω kumele sibe nomthetho ka-Ohm;

Ukuzivocavoca 5:

Mina = E1 / R1
Mina = 10V / 10 Ω
Mina = 1 Amp

Manje sicabanga ukuthi esifundeni sinephutha locingo (ucingo olwephukile ngaphakathi noma olwephukile) noma ukuxhumana okubi, isibonelo, isibalo 12.

ephukile wire iphutha wesifunda — Umdwebo we-12 Circuit enephutha le-Split Wire langaphakathi (https://citeia.com)

Njengoba sesivele sihlaziye nge-resistor evulekile, umqhubi owonakele noma ophukile uzoba nokuziphatha okufanayo. Ukuqina kwamandla kagesi = 0 Amp. Kepha uma ngikubuza ukuthi yisiphi isigaba (umdwebo 13) esilimale u-A noma B? futhi babezonquma kanjani?

Ukuhlaziywa kwesifunda kwentambo ephukile noma ephukile — Umdwebo 13 Ukuhlaziywa kwesekethe ngentambo elimele noma ephukile ngaphakathi (https://citeia.com)

Impela impendulo yakho ingukuthi, ake silinganise ukuqhubeka futhi simane sithole ukuthi yiziphi izintambo ezilimele (ngakho-ke kufanele sinqamule izingxenye bese sicisha ugesi we-E1), kepha kulokhu kuhlaziywa sizocabanga ukuthi umthombo awukwazi ngisho icishiwe noma inqamule noma iyiphi i-wiring, manje ukuhlaziywa kuba mnandi kakhulu? Inketho eyodwa ukubeka i-voltmeter ngokufana nesekethe njengesibonelo isibalo se-14

Ukuhlaziywa Kwesekethe Okungalungile Kusetshenziswa Umthetho Ka-Ohm — Umfanekiso 14 Ukuhlaziywa Kwesekethe Okungalungile (https://citeia.com)

Uma umthombo usebenza, i-voltmeter kufanele imake i-Voltage ezenzakalelayo kuleli cala le-10V.

Ukuhlaziya amaphutha wesekethe kagesi nomthetho ka-Ohm — Umdwebo we-15 Ukuhlaziywa Kwesekethe Okungalungile nguMthetho ka-Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Uma sibeka i-voltmeter ngokufana neResistor R1, i-voltage yi-0V uma siyihlaziya Umthetho ka-Ohm Sinakho:

VR1 = Mina x R1
Lapho ngi = 0 Amp
Sesaba i-VR1 = 0 Amp x 10 Ω = 0V

kuhlaziywa iphutha lezintambo ngomthetho ka-Ohm — Umfanekiso 16 uhlaziya iphutha lezintambo ngomthetho we-Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Manje uma sibeka i-voltmeter ngokufana nentambo eyonakele sizoba namandla kagesi, ngani?

Kusukela I = 0 Amp, ukumelana R1 (ayinakho ukuphikisana namandla kagesi okwenza umhlaba obonakalayo) njengoba sesivele sihlaziye i-VR1 = 0V Ngakho-ke sinekhebula elimele (kulokhu) i-Voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla.

V (ucingo olonakele) = E1 - VR1
V (ucingo olonakele) = 10 V - 0 V = 10V

Ngiyakumema ukuthi ushiye imibono yakho nokungabaza esizokuphendula ngokuqinisekile. Ingakusiza futhi ukuthi ubone amaphutha kagesi esihlokweni sethu ngawo Izinsimbi zokulinganisa zikagesi (Ohmmeter, Voltmeter, Ammeter)

Ingakusebenzela:

Izinkomba:[1] [2] [3]

Umthetho ka-Ohm nezimfihlo zawo [ISITATIMENDE]