Umthetho ka-Ohm nezimfihlo zawo [ISITATIMENDE]

Isingeniso soMthetho ka-Ohm:

Umthetho ka-Ohm Kuyindawo yokuqala yokuqonda izisekelo eziyisisekelo zikagesi. Ngokwalokhu kubukwa kubalulekile ukuthi sihlaziye isitatimende soMthetho ka-Ohm ngendlela efundekayo yethiyori. Ngenxa yesipiliyoni sethu emkhakheni, ukuhlaziywa kwalo mthetho kusivumela nokuthi sifeze iphupho lanoma yimuphi umsebenzi okhethekile endaweni: sisebenze kancane futhi senze okuningi, ngoba ngokuhumusha okulungile siyakwazi ukubona nokuhlaziya amaphutha kagesi. Kuwo wonke lo mbhalo sizokhuluma ngokubaluleka kwawo, imvelaphi, ukusetshenziswa kwezicelo nemfihlo yokuyiqonda kangcono.

¿Ubani owathola umthetho ka-Ohm?

UGeorg simon ohm (Erlangen, Bavaria, Mashi 16, 1789-Munich, Julayi 6, 1854) wayeyisazi sefiziksi saseJalimane nesazi sezibalo owanikela ngomthetho ka-Ohm kumbono kagesi.[1]. U-Ohm waziwa ngokufunda nokuhumusha ubudlelwano phakathi kokuqina kwamandla kagesi, amandla awo e-electromotive kanye nokumelana, enza ngo-1827 umthetho onegama lakhe, osungula lokho. Mina = V / R. Iyunithi yokumelana nogesi, i-ohm, iqanjwe ngaye. [1] (bheka isithombe 1)
UGeorg Simon Ohm noMthetho wakhe ka-Ohm (citeia.com)
Umdwebo 1 UGeorg Simon Ohm nomthetho wakhe ka-Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Uthini umthetho ka-Ohm?

La Umthetho ka-Ohm kusungula: Amandla wamanje ngesekethe kagesi alingana ngqo namandla kagesi noma amandla kagesi (umehluko ongaba khona V) futhi ngokulingana ngokulingana nokumelana nogesi okukuvezayo (bona isithombe 2)

Ukuqonda lokho:

Inani Uphawu lomthetho ka-Ohm Iyunithi lesilinganiso Indima Uma uzibuza:
Ukucindezeleka E I-Volt (V) Ingcindezi edala ukugeleza kwama-electron E = amandla e-electromotive noma i-voltage eyenziwe
Sakaza I I-Ampere (A) Amandla wamanje kagesi I = intensity
Ukuphikiswa R Om (Ω) i-flow inhibitor Ω = uhlamvu lwesiGreki omega
  • E= Umehluko Ongase Usebenze Kagesi noma amandla e-electromotive "ithemu elidala lesikole" (Ama-Volts "V").
  • I= Ukuqina kwamandla kagesi (Amperes “Amp.”)
  • R= Ukumelana Nogesi (Ohms “Ω”)
Umdwebo 2; Ifomula Yomthetho ka-Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Uyini umthetho ka-Ohm?

Lona omunye wemibuzo ethakazelisa kakhulu abazibuza yona abafundi bakagesi/ama-electronics bamabanga okuqala, lapho siphakamisa ukuthi uwuqonde kahle kakhulu ngaphambi kokuqhubeka noma uqhubekele phambili nesinye isihloko. Masiyihlaziye isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: Ukumelana nogesi: Ukuphikisana nokugeleza kwamandla kagesi ngomqhubi. Amandla kagesi: Kungukugeleza kwenkokhiso kagesi (ama-electron) egijima kumqhubi noma impahla. Ukuhamba kwamanje inani lokukhokhiswa ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi, iyunithi yokukala kwalo yi-Ampere (Amp). Umehluko ongaba khona kagesi: Ubuningi bomzimba obulinganisa umehluko wamandla kagesi phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili. Kungachazwa futhi ngokuthi umsebenzi weyunithi ngayinye ukhokhiswa yinkambu kagesi kunhlayiya ekhokhisiwe ukuyisusa phakathi kwezikhundla ezimbili ezimisiwe. Iyunithi yayo yokukala yiVolt (V).

Isiphetho

Umthetho ka-Ohm Kuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu lokufunda amasekhethi kagesi kanye nesisekelo esiyisisekelo sezifundo zemisebenzi kaGesi kanye ne-Electronics kuwo wonke amazinga. Ukunikela isikhathi ekuhlaziyeni kwayo, kulokhu okuthuthukiswe kulesi sihloko (ngokweqisa kwayo), kubalulekile ukuqonda nokuhlaziya izimfihlo zokuxazulula inkinga.

Lapho singaphetha khona ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa koMthetho ka-Ohm:

Ukuzivocavoca ukuqonda nokusebenzisa uMthetho ka-Ohm

Ukuzivocavoca kwe-1

Ukufaka isicelo se- Umthetho ka-Ohm Kumjikelezo olandelayo (umfanekiso 3) onokumelana no-R1= 10 Ω kanye nomehluko ongaba khona E1= 12V usebenzisa umthetho we-Ohm, umphumela uthi: I=E1/R1 I= 12V/10 Ω I = 1.2 Amp.
Umdwebo 3 Isifunda esiyisisekelo sikagesi (https://citeia.com)

Ukuhlaziywa Komthetho ka-Ohm (Isibonelo 1)

Ukuhlaziya umthetho ka-Ohm sizothuthela cishe eKerepakupai Merú noma e-Angel Falls (iKerepakupai Merú ngolimi lwabomdabu lwasePemón, okusho ukuthi "gxuma usuka endaweni ejulile"), iyimpophoma ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ene-979 m ukuphakama (807 m wokuwa okungaphazanyiswa), kwavela e-Auyantepuy. Itholakala eCanaima National Park, eBolívar, eVenezuela [2]. (bheka isithombe 4)
Umdwebo 4. Ukuhlaziya Umthetho Ka-Ohm (https://citeia.com)
Uma ngokucabanga senza uhlaziyo sisebenzisa i- Umthetho ka-Ohm, ukwenza ukucabanga okulandelayo:
  1. Ukuphakama kwe-Cascade njengomehluko ongaba khona.
  2. Izithiyo zamanzi ekwindla njengokumelana.
  3. Izinga Lokugeleza Kwamanzi kwe-Cascade njengokuqina kwamandla kagesi

Ukuzivocavoca 2:

Ngokulingana okulinganayo silinganisela isekethe ngokwesibonelo kusuka kumfanekiso 5:
Umdwebo 5 Ukuhlaziywa kokubekwa kwe-Ohm 1 (https://citeia.com)
Lapho u-E1= 979V kanye no-R1=100 Ω I=E1/R1 I= 979V/100 Ω I= 9.79 Amp.
khamay.com

Ukuhlaziywa Komthetho ka-Ohm (Isibonelo 2)

Manje kule virtualization, isibonelo, uma sithuthela kwenye impophoma ngokwesibonelo: Iguazú Falls, emngceleni phakathi Brazil kanye Argentina, e Guaraní Iguazú lisho "amanzi amakhulu", futhi igama ukuthi izakhamuzi bomdabu Southern Cone. yaseMelika yanikeza umfula ophakela izimpophoma ezinkulu kunazo zonke eLatin America, esinye sezimangaliso zomhlaba. Nokho, ehlobo lamuva baye baba nezinkinga ngokugeleza kwamanzi.[3] (bheka umfanekiso 6)
Umdwebo 6 Ukuhlaziya Umthetho Ka-Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Ukuzivocavoca 3:

Lapho sithatha khona ukuthi lokhu kuhlaziya okubonakalayo kungu-E1= 100V kanye no-R1=1000 Ω (bona umfanekiso 7) I=E1/R1 I= 100V/1000 Ω I= 0.1 Amp.
Umfanekiso 7 Ukuhlaziywa komthetho ka-Ohm 2 (https://citeia.com)

Ukuhlaziywa Komthetho ka-Ohm (Isibonelo 3)

Kulesi sibonelo, abanye babafundi bethu bangase babuze, futhi yikuphi ukuhlaziya uma izimo zemvelo emanzini ase-Iguazú zithuthuka (esithemba ukuthi kuyoba njalo, sikhumbula ukuthi yonke into emvelweni kufanele ibe nokulinganisela). Ekuhlaziyeni okubonakalayo, sicabanga ukuthi ukumelana komhlabathi (ekudluleni kokugeleza) ngokombono kuyinto engashintshi, u-E angaba umehluko ongaba khona onqwabelene okhuphuka nomfula lapho ngenxa yalokho sizoba nokugeleza okwengeziwe noma ekuqhathaniseni kwethu amandla amanje (I ), kungaba isibonelo: (bheka umfanekiso 8)
ukuhlaziywa kwesibalo 8 komthetho ka-Ohm 3 (https://citeia.com)
khamay.com

Ukuzivocavoca 4:

Ngokomthetho ka-Ohm, uma sandisa umehluko ongaba khona noma siqongelela amandla awo we-electromotive ngaphezulu, sigcina ukumelana njalo i-E1 = 700V ne-R1 = 1000 Ω (bheka isithombe 9)
  • Mina = E1 / R1  
  • Mina = 700V / 1000 Ω
  • Mina = 0.7 Amp
Siyabona ukuthi umfutho wamanje (Amp) esifundeni uyakhula.
Umdwebo 9 wokuhlaziywa komthetho ka-Ohm 4 (https://citeia.com)

Ukuhlaziya umthetho ka-Ohm ukuqonda izimfihlo zawo

Lapho umuntu eqala ukufunda umthetho ka-Ohm, abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi lo mthetho olula ungaba kanjani nezimfihlo? Empeleni ayikho imfihlo uma siyihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ngokweqisa kwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukungawuhlaziyi umthetho ngendlela efanele, ngokwesibonelo, kungasibangela ukuba sihlakaze isekethe kagesi (noma ngabe iyasebenza, ezintweni zikagesi, ngisho nasezingeni lezimboni) lapho kungaba ikhebula elimele noma isixhumi. Sizohlaziya icala ngamacala:

Icala 1 (Isifunda esivulekile):

Umfanekiso 10 Vula isekethe kagesi (https://citeia.com)
Uma sihlaziya isifunda kumfanekiso we-10, ngokomthetho ka-Ohm amandla kagesi E1= 10V futhi ukumelana kuleli cala kuyi-insulator (umoya) ovame ukungapheli ∞. Ngakho sine:
  • Mina = E1 / R  
  • Mina = 10V / ∞ Ω
Lapho okwenzeka khona manje kuba ngu-0 Amp.

Icala 2 (Isifunda sifushane):

Umdwebo we-11 wesekethe kagesi esifundeni esifushane (https://citeia.com)
Kulesi simo (umfanekiso 11) ukunikezwa kwamandla ngu-E=10V, kodwa isixhasi siyi-conductor leyo ithiyori eno-0Ω, ngakho-ke kulokhu kungaba isifunda esifushane.
  • Mina = E1 / R  
  • Mina = 10V / 0 Ω
Lapho okwenzeka khona manje kumcabango kuvame ukungapheli (Am) Amp. Yini engakhubaza amasistimu okuvikela (amafyuzi), noma kwisoftware yethu yokulingisa kubangele ama-alamu okuqapha nawokuphutha. Yize empeleni amabhethri anamuhla anohlelo lokuvikela nemikhawulo yamanje, sincoma abafundi bethu ukuthi bahlole ukuxhumana futhi bagweme amasekethe amafushane (amabhethri, uma uhlelo lwawo lokuvikela lwehluleka, angaqhuma "Ukuqapha").

Ikesi 3 (ukuxhumeka noma ukwehluleka kwentambo)

Uma sesaba kusekethe kagesi umthombo wamandla u-E1 = 10V no-R1 = 10 Ω kumele sibe nomthetho ka-Ohm;

Ukuzivocavoca 5:

  • Mina = E1 / R1  
  • Mina = 10V / 10 Ω
  • Mina = 1 Amp
Manje sicabanga ukuthi esifundeni sinephutha locingo (ucingo olwephukile ngaphakathi noma olwephukile) noma ukuxhumana okubi, isibonelo, isibalo 12.
Umdwebo we-12 Circuit enephutha le-Split Wire langaphakathi (https://citeia.com)
Njengoba sesivele sihlaziye nge-resistor evulekile, umqhubi owonakele noma ophukile uzoba nokuziphatha okufanayo. Ukuqina kwamandla kagesi = 0 Amp. Kepha uma ngikubuza ukuthi yisiphi isigaba (umdwebo 13) esilimale u-A noma B? futhi babezonquma kanjani?
Umdwebo 13 Ukuhlaziywa kwesekethe ngentambo elimele noma ephukile ngaphakathi (https://citeia.com)
Impela impendulo yakho ingukuthi, ake silinganise ukuqhubeka futhi simane sithole ukuthi yiziphi izintambo ezilimele (ngakho-ke kufanele sinqamule izingxenye bese sicisha ugesi we-E1), kepha kulokhu kuhlaziywa sizocabanga ukuthi umthombo awukwazi ngisho icishiwe noma inqamule noma iyiphi i-wiring, manje ukuhlaziywa kuba mnandi kakhulu? Inketho eyodwa ukubeka i-voltmeter ngokufana nesekethe njengesibonelo isibalo se-14
Umfanekiso 14 Ukuhlaziywa Kwesekethe Okungalungile (https://citeia.com)
Uma umthombo usebenza, i-voltmeter kufanele imake i-Voltage ezenzakalelayo kuleli cala le-10V.
Umdwebo we-15 Ukuhlaziywa Kwesekethe Okungalungile nguMthetho ka-Ohm (https://citeia.com)
Uma sibeka i-voltmeter ngokufana neResistor R1, i-voltage yi-0V uma siyihlaziya Umthetho ka-Ohm Sinakho:
  • VR1 = Mina x R1
  • Lapho ngi = 0 Amp
  • Sesaba i-VR1 = 0 Amp x 10 Ω = 0V
Umfanekiso 16 uhlaziya iphutha lezintambo ngomthetho we-Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Manje uma sibeka i-voltmeter ngokufana nentambo eyonakele sizoba namandla kagesi, ngani?

Kusukela I = 0 Amp, ukumelana R1 (ayinakho ukuphikisana namandla kagesi okwenza umhlaba obonakalayo) njengoba sesivele sihlaziye i-VR1 = 0V Ngakho-ke sinekhebula elimele (kulokhu) i-Voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla.
  • V (ucingo olonakele) = E1 - VR1
  • V (ucingo olonakele) = 10 V - 0 V = 10V
Ngiyakumema ukuthi ushiye imibono yakho nokungabaza esizokuphendula ngokuqinisekile. Ingakusiza futhi ukuthi ubone amaphutha kagesi esihlokweni sethu ngawo Izinsimbi zokulinganisa zikagesi (Ohmmeter, Voltmeter, Ammeter)

Ingakusebenzela:

Izinkomba:[1] [2] [3]
Phuma kunguqulo yeselula