Amandla Omthetho KaWatt (Izicelo - Ukuzivocavoca)

Ukukhokhiswa kwensiza kagesi kuya ngokusetshenziswa kwe- amandla kagesiNgakho-ke, kuyasiza kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini, kukalwa kanjani nokuthi unganciphisa kanjani ukusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa umthetho weWatt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto eguquguqukayo eyisisekelo yokutadisha amanethiwekhi kagesi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamadivayisi kagesi.

Usosayensi uWatt wasungula umthetho, owaqanjwa ngegama lakhe, osivumela ukuthi sibale lokhu kuguquka okubalulekile. Okulandelayo, ukutadishwa kwalo mthetho nokusetshenziswa kwawo.

IMIBONO EYISISEKO:

• Isifunda sikagesi: Ukuxhunywa kwezinto zikagesi lapho amandla kagesi angahamba khona.

• Amandla kagesi: Ukugeleza kwenkokhiso kagesi ngesikhathi ngasinye seyunithi ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Kukalwa ngama-amps (A).

• Ukungezwani kagesi: Eyaziwa nangokuthi amandla kagesi noma umehluko ongaba khona. Kungamandla adingekayo wokuhambisa inkokhiso kagesi entweni ethile. Kukalwa ngama-volts (V).

• Amandla: Amandla okwenza umsebenzi. Kukalwa nge-joule (J), noma ngama-watt-hours (Wh).

• Amandla kagesi: inani lamandla into eletha noma imunce ngesikhathi esithile. Amandla kagesi alinganiswa ngama-watts noma ama-watts, afanekiselwa uhlamvu W.

Mhlawumbe ungahle ube nentshisekelo ku: Umthetho ka-Ohm nezimfihlo zawo, ukuzivocavoca nalokho okumisayo

Umthetho kaWatt

Umthetho kaWatt usho lokho "Amandla kagesi asetshenziswa noma ahanjiswa yidivayisi anqunywa ngamandla kagesi nawamanje ageleza ngaleyo divayisi."

Amandla kagesi edivayisi, ngokusho koMthetho kaWatt, anikezwa yile nkulumo:

P = V x I

Amandla kagesi alinganiswa ngama-watts (W). “Unxantathu wamandla” kuMdwebo 1 uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola amandla, amandla kagesi, noma amandla kagesi.

Kumfanekiso 2 amafomula aqukethwe kunxantathu wamandla akhonjisiwe.

UJames Watt (Greenok, eScotland, 1736-1819)

Wayengunjiniyela womshini, umsunguli, kanye nomakhemikhali. Ngo-1775 wakhiqiza izinjini zomoya, ngenxa yegalelo lakhe ekuthuthukiseni le mishini, kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Ungumakhi wenjini ejikelezayo, injini yomphumela ophindwe kabili, insimbi yokukhombisa ingcindezi yomusi, phakathi kokunye.

Kuhlelo lwamazwe omhlaba lwamayunithi, iyunithi yamandla yi "watt" (Watt, W) yokuhlonipha leli phayona.

Ukubalwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhokhiswa kwensiza kagesi kusetshenziswa umthetho kaWatt

Kusukela eqinisweni lokuthi amandla kagesi inani lamandla okulethwa noma okumunwa yisikhathi esithile, amandla anikezwa ifomula kusibalo 3.

Amandla kagesi avame ukulinganiswa ku-unit Wh, noma futhi angalinganiswa nge-joule (1 J = 1 Ws), noma ku-horsepower (hp). Ukwenza izilinganiso ezahlukahlukene sincoma ukuthi ufunde i-athikili yethu ku- amathuluzi wokulinganisa kagesi.

Ukuzivocavoca kwe-1 ukusebenzisa umthetho kaWatt 

Ngokuthola into ekuMdwebo 4, bala:

1. Amandla afakiwe
2. Amandla amunceke imizuzwana engama-60

Isixazululo Ukuzivocavoca 1

A. - Amandla kagesi amuncwa yi-elementi anqunywa ngokuya ngesibalo 5.

B. - Amandla angenisiwe

Umphumela:

p = 10 W; Amandla = 600 J

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi:

Abahlinzeka ngemisebenzi kagesi basungula amazinga ngokusetshenziswa kukagesi Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi kuncike emandleni asetshenziswa ngehora. Kukalwa ngama-kilowatt-hours (kWh), noma i-horsepower (hp).

Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi = Amandla = pt

Ukuzivocavoca kwe-2 ukusebenzisa umthetho kaWatt

Ngewashi kuMdwebo 8, kuthengwa ibhethri le-3 V lithium. Ibhethri linamandla agciniwe angama-joule ayi-6.000 avela efemini. Ukwazi ukuthi iwashi lisebenzisa amandla kagesi ka-0.0001 A, kuzothatha izinsuku ezingaki ukufaka ibhethri esikhundleni?

Isixazululo Ukuzivocavoca 2

Amandla kagesi asetshenziswa yi-calculator anqunywa kusetshenziswa Umthetho We-Watt:

Uma amandla asetshenziswa yi-calculator enikezwa yi-Energy Energy pt, ukuxazulula isikhathi "t", nokufaka amanani amandla namandla kagesi, isikhathi sempilo yebhethri siyatholakala. Bheka umfanekiso 6

Ibhethri linamandla okugcina isibali sisebenza amasekhondi ayi-20.000.000, 7,7, okulingana nezinyanga eziyi-XNUMX.

Umphumela:

Ibhethri lewashi kufanele lithathelwe indawo ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-7.

Ukuzivocavoca kwe-3 ukusebenzisa umthetho kaWatt

Kuyadingeka ukwazi ukulinganiselwa kwezindleko zanyanga zonke kwinsizakalo kagesi yendawo, wazi ukuthi isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kukagesi singu-0,5 $ / kWh. Umdwebo 7 ukhombisa amadivayisi asebenzisa ugesi ngaphakathi kwendawo:

• Ishaja yefoni engu-30 W, esebenza amahora amane ngosuku
• Ikhompyutha yedeskithophu, i-120 W, esebenza amahora angu-8 ngosuku
• Isibani se-incandescent, 60 W, sisebenza amahora angu-8 ngosuku
• Isibani sedeski, i-30 W, sisebenza amahora ama-2 ngosuku
• Ikhompyutha ephathekayo, 60 W, esebenza amahora ama-2 ngosuku
• I-TV, i-20 W, isebenza amahora angu-8 ngosuku

Isixazululo:

Ukunquma ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, kusetshenziswa i-Energy Consumption = pt. I-30 W futhi isetshenziswa amahora ama-4 ngosuku, izodla i-120 Wh noma i-0.120Kwh ngosuku, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni 8.

Ithebula 1 likhombisa ukubalwa kokusetshenziswa kukagesi kwamadivayisi endawo.  Kusetshenziswa i-1.900 Wh noma i-1.9kWh nsuku zonke.

Ngesilinganiso esingu-0,5 $ / kWh, insiza kagesi izobiza:

Umphumela:

Izindleko zensizakalo kagesi ezakhiweni zingama- $ 28,5 ngenyanga, ukusetshenziswa kwe-57 kWh ngenyanga.

Umhlangano wezimpawu zokwenziwa:

I-elementi ingamunca noma inikeze amandla. Lapho amandla kagesi ento ethile enophawu oluhle, leyo nto imunca amandla. Uma amandla kagesi engalungile, i-element ihlinzeka ngamandla kagesi. Bheka umfanekiso 9

Kwasungulwa njenge- "passive sign Convention" leyo mandla kagesi:

• Kuhle uma i-current ingena nge-terminal enhle ye-voltage ku-element.
• Kubi uma i-current ingena nge-terminal engalungile. Bheka umfanekiso 10

Vivinya umzimba usebenzisa umthetho weWatt

Ngezakhi eziboniswe kuMdwebo 11, bala amandla kagesi usebenzisa umhlangano wezimpawu ezinhle futhi ukhombise ukuthi ngabe isici sihlinzeka noma sithatha amandla:

Isixazululo:

Umdwebo 12 ukhombisa ukubalwa kwamandla kagesi kudivayisi ngayinye.

Umphumela

KUYA. (Unyaka wenzuzo ALapho amandla angena nge-terminal enhle, amandla avumayo:

p = 20W, isakhi simunca amandla.

B. (Inzuzo yokuvivinya umzimba BLapho amandla angena nge-terminal enhle, amandla avumayo:

p = - 6 W, i-elementi inikeza amandla.

Iziphetho zoMthetho kaWatt:

Amandla kagesi, alinganiswa ngama-watts (W), akhombisa ukuthi amandla kagesi angaguqulwa kanjani ngokushesha.

Umthetho kaWatt uhlinzeka ngesibalo sokubalwa kwamandla kagesi ezinhlelweni zikagesi, kusungulwa ubudlelwane obuqondile phakathi kwamandla, amandla kagesi namandla kagesi: p = vi

Ukufundwa kwamandla kagesi kuyasiza ekuboneni ukusebenza kwemishini, ekwakhiweni okufanayo ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, ukuqoqwa kwensizakalo kagesi, phakathi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Uma idivaysi isebenzisa amandla amandla kagesi ayasebenza, uma ihlinzeka amandla amandla awakhi. Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla kumasekethe kagesi, kuvame ukusetshenziswa umhlangano wezimpawu oqondile, okhombisa ukuthi amandla ento ethile avumile uma amandla kagesi engena esigungwini esihle.

Futhi kuwebhusayithi yethu ungathola: Umthetho kaKirchhoff, usungula ini nokuthi uwusebenzisa kanjani