Izinsimbi zokulinganisa zikagesi (Ohmmeter, Ammeter, Voltmeter)

Kuwo wonke umuntu othanda ukuzilibazisa, umfundi wemisebenzi kagesi, i-elekthronikhi noma izindawo ezihlobene, iphupho ukuba nezinsimbi zabo zokulinganisa. Kwezinye izimo, abaqeqeshwayo bathola izinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu okuthi, esikhundleni sokubasiza bafunde, benze amaphutha abe nzima noma babonise izilinganiso zamanga.  

Kwezinye izimo, abafundela umsebenzi bathola izinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu kepha, bengenalo ulwazi, benza ukuxhumana okungalungile, okuholela ekungafanelweni noma ekuhlulekeni kwensimbi. Kuwo wonke lo mbhalo sizokhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo okulungile, izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokulinganisa kwawo.

Yini amathuluzi wokulinganisa kagesi?

Ukwenza ucwaningo lwezimpawu zikagesi kufanele sizilinganise futhi, futhi, sizirekhode. Kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma ngubani ofuna ukuhlaziya lezi zimo ukuthi abe nezinsimbi zokulinganisa zikagesi ezinokwethenjelwa.
Izilinganiso zenziwa ngokususelwa kumapharamitha kagesi, ngokuya ngezici zawo ezifana nengcindezi, ukugeleza, amandla noma izinga lokushisa. Kulesi sihloko sizozinikela ekutadisheni amathuluzi wokulinganisa ngamapharamitha ayisisekelo afana nalawa:

• I-Ohmmeter.
• I-Ammeter.
• I-Voltmeter.

Yini i-Ohmmeter?

Kuyithuluzi lokulinganisa ukumelana kagesi. Usebenzisa ubuhlobo phakathi komehluko ongaba khona (iVoltage) namandla wamandla kagesi (Amps) akhuliswe ngumthetho ka-Ohm.

By indlela ungahle ube nentshisekelo yokubona kamuva Uthini umthetho ka-Ohm nezimfihlo zawo?

I-Analog Ohmmeter:

Sebenzisa i-galvanometer, okuyimitha yamanje kagesi. Lokho kusebenza njenge-transducer, ethola amandla kagesi ngamandla aqhubekayo abangela ushintsho kusikhombi esibonisa isilinganiso ngobudlelwano obubalwa Umthetho ka-Ohm. (Bona i-athikili yomthetho ka-Ohm). Bhekisisani umdwebo 2

I-Digital Ohmmeter:

Kulokhu awusebenzisi i-galvanometer, esikhundleni salokho sebenzisa i- ubuhlobo ngesihlukanisi sevolthi (okuncike esikalini) nokutholwa kwesiginali (i-Analog / idijithali) kuthatha inani lokumelana yi Ubudlelwano bomthetho ka-Ohm. Bheka umfanekiso 3

Ukuxhumeka kwe-ohmmeter:

I-Ohmmeter ixhunywe ngokufana nomthwalo (bheka isithombe 4), kunconywa ukuthi ichopho lethuluzi likusimo esihle (Amathiphu ahlanjululwe noma angcolile abangela iphutha lokulinganisa). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukunikezwa komehluko ongaba khona kwenziwa ibhethri langaphakathi lensimbi.

Izinyathelo zokwenza isilinganiso esifanele ngezinsimbi zokulinganisa zikagesi:

Sincoma ukuthi wenze lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo ukuthola imiphumela engcono kuzilinganiso zakho:

Samandla futhi test lead isheke:

Kumathuluzi we-analogue kwakuyisibopho sokwenza ukulinganisa nokuhlola amathiphu, kepha kuzinsimbi zedijithali okuthi ngombono kuyazenzakalela, kunezici okuthi lokhu kulinganiswa, esikhundleni sokuzenzakalela (uma konke kungalungile), kuveze ukungahambi kahle noma iphutha ezilinganisweni. Sincoma ukwenza njalo lapho sidinga isilinganiso, qinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwensimbi:

Ukuhlolwa kwethiphu:

Lesi sinyathelo sibaluleke kakhulu kepha sisisekelo ukuthola ukufundwa ngemajini ephansi yephutha (sincoma ukukwenza njalo), aqukethe kuphela ukujoyina izeluleko zensimbi ephoqa isilinganiso se- +/- 0 Ω njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumfanekiso 5

Kumele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ukuthola njengomphumela kulokhu Ukulinganisa okungu-0 ideal kuhle, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amathiphu wokulinganisa asebenzisa izintambo zethusi (ngokwethi abaqhubi abahle kakhulu) kepha empeleni bonke abaqhubi banokumelana okuthile, njengezeluleko (imvamisa zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, ezobuchwepheshe zenziwe ngethusi ngesiliva bath), kepha-ke abaqinisekisi umphumela omkhulu kuno-0.2 Ω +/- iphesenti (%) lokunemba kokufundwa kwensimbi.
Ukunikeza inani eliphakeme sincoma: hlanza amathiphu, hlola ukulinganiswa kwensimbi nephuzu elibucayi kakhulu, isimo sebhethri lensimbi.

Ukuhlolwa Kwamandla Okusebenza:

Kulolu vivinyo sincoma ukuba nezinga elijwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo, i-Resistor engu-100 with enokubekezelelana okungekho ngaphezu kuka- +/- 1% ngamanye amagama:
R Max = 100 Ω + (100Ω x 0.01) = 101 Ω
R min = 100 Ω - (100Ω x 0.01) = 99 Ω
Manje uma kuleli phuzu sengeza iphutha lokufunda insimbi (kuya ngohlobo lomkhiqizo nekhwalithi ye-Ohmmeter), imvamisa ithuluzi ledijithali le-Fluke model 117 esikalini sebanga lezimoto (0 - 6 M Ω) lithi +/- 0.9% [ 2], ngakho-ke singaba nobubanzi bezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
R Max = 101 Ω + (101Ω x 0.009) = 101,9 Ω
R min = 99 Ω - (99Ω x 0.009) = 98,1 Ω
Vele, lo mphumela ulinganisiwe, ngoba izimo zemvelo (iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu lokulinganisa ngamazinga) nephutha elingu-zero alizange licatshangelwe, kepha naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zinto kufanele sibe nenani elilinganiselwe kuzinga.
Uma ungasebenzisi insimbi ezenzakalelayo, kungakuhle ukuthi uyibeke ebangeni lokukala eliseduze kakhulu nelejwayelekile.

Ku-figure 6 sibona ama-multimeter ama-2 (iyithuluzi elisebenza ngobunye) kuleli cala i-fluke 117 izenzakalela futhi i-UNI-T UT38C kufanele ukhethe isikali esiseduze nephethini. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-multimeter brand UNI-T imodeli UT-39c [3] yalokhu kuhlola kunconywa ama-200 Ω

Ukuqapha lapho usebenzisa i-Ohmmeter njengethuluzi lokulinganisa kagesi:

Ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kwale nsimbi yokulinganisa sincoma amaphuzu alandelayo:

1. Ukwenza izilinganiso nge-Ohmmeter kufanele unqanyulwe izimpahla zikagesi.
2. Njengoba bekuvele kuchaziwe ephuzwini langaphambilini, ukuhlolwa kokuhola okuholela kanye nokuhlolwa kokulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokulinganisa.
3. Ukuthola ukulinganisa okulungile, kungakuhle ukuthi unqamule okungenani i-terminal eyodwa yokumelana noma ingxenye, ngaleyo ndlela ugweme noma iyiphi impedance ngokufana.

Kungase kukuthande: Amandla Omthetho KaWatt

Yini i-Ammeter?

I-ammeter isetshenziselwa ukukala ukuqina kwemisinga kagesi egatsheni noma enode yesekethe kagesi.

I-Ammeter ye-analog:

Ama-ammeters anokumelana kwangaphakathi okubizwa ngokuthi yi-shunt (RS), ngokuvamile kungaphansi kwe-1 ohm ngokunemba okuphezulu, kunenhloso yokwehlisa amandla kagesi wamanje we-node exhuma ngokufana ne-galvanometer. Bheka umfanekiso 7.

I-ammeter yedijithali:

Njenge-ammeter ehambisanayo, isebenzisa ukumelana kwe-shunt ngokulingana nesikali, kepha esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-galvanometer, ukutholwa kwesiginali (i-analog / idijithali) kuyenziwa, ngokuvamile isebenzisa izihlungi zokudlula okuphansi ukugwema umsindo.

Izinyathelo zokwenza isilinganiso esifanele nge-Ammeter njengethuluzi lokulinganisa kagesi:

• I-ammeter ixhunywe ochungechungeni (ngejumper) kumthwalo njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumfanekiso 9

• Kunconywa ukwenza ukuxhumana nomthombo wamandla kucishwe ngokubeka i-ammeter esikalini se-Maximum bese yehlisa isikali ize ifinyelele esikalini esinconyiwe.
• Kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi ubheke isimo seBhethri nama-fuses ngaphambi kokuthatha noma iyiphi indlela.

Ukuqapha lapho usebenzisa i-Ammeter njengethuluzi lokulinganisa kagesi:

• Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-Ammeter incike ekumelaneni kwe-shunt ngokufana ngamanye amagama i-impedance yangaphakathi ivame ukuba ngu-0 Ω ngombono (ngokwenzayo kuzoncika esikalini) kepha ngokuvamile ingaphansi kuka-1 Ω ngakho akufanele ixhumeke ku-PARALLEL.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola i-fuse yokuvikela futhi ungalokothi usethe inani eliphakeme kunelinconyiwe.

Yini iVoltmeter?

El I-Voltmeter Kuyinsimbi esetshenziselwa ukukala umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili kusekethe kagesi.

I-voltmeter ye-analog:

Iqukethe i-galvanometer enokumelana nochungechunge lapho inani lakhona lizoya ngesikali esikhethiwe, bheka isithombe 10

I-Digital Voltmeter:

I-voltmeter yedijithali inesimiso esifanayo ne-voltmeter ye-analog, umehluko ukuthi i-galvanometer ithathelwe indawo ukumelana, okwenza isifunda sokuhlukanisa i-voltage sibe nobudlelwano obulinganayo.

Uxhumano lwe-Voltmeter:

Ama-voltmeters ane-impedance ephezulu emcabangweni ajwayele ukungapheli ekusebenzeni abanakho ngokwesilinganiso se-1M Ω (impela kuyehluka ngokwesilinganiso), ukuxhumana kwabo kuyafana njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumfanekiso 12

Izinyathelo zokwenza isilinganiso esifanele ngeVoltmeter njengethuluzi lokulinganisa kagesi:

A. Ngaso sonke isikhathi beka iVoltmeter esikalini esiphakeme (ukuze uvikeleke) futhi ngokuqhubekayo wehlise esikalini esiseduze kakhulu kunesilinganiso.
B. Njalo hlola isimo sebhethri lensimbi (ngebhethri elikhishiwe ikhiqiza amaphutha wokulinganisa).
C. Bheka ubumbano bomkhombandlela wokuhlolwa, kunconywa ukuthi uhloniphe umbala womkhombandlela wokuhlolwa (+ Obomvu) (- Omnyama).
D. Endabeni yokuphika kuyanconywa ukukulungisa ku- (-) noma kumjikelezo wesifunda bese uhluka ngokuhola kokuhlola (+).
E. Qinisekisa ukuthi isilinganiso samandla kagesi osifunayo yi-DC (i-Direct current) noma i-AC (Esishintshashintshayo yamanje).

Izinyathelo zokuqapha lapho usebenzisa i-Voltmeter njengethuluzi lokulinganisa kagesi:

AmaVoltmeters ngokuvamile anesilinganiso esiphakeme ngokwanele (600V - 1000V) aqala ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufunda kulesi sikali (AC / DC).
Siyakhumbula ukuthi izilinganiso ziyafana (ochungechungeni kungadala isekhethi evulekile) bona isihloko somthetho ka-ohm.

Izincomo Zokugcina Zamathuluzi Wokulinganisa Ugesi

Kunoma yimuphi umuntu oshisekela ngokweqile, umfundi noma uchwepheshe ezindaweni ze-elekthronikhi, ugesi kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uzisebenzisa kanjani izinsimbi zokulinganisa, ukulinganiswa kwazo kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuxilongwa nokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe. Uma usebenzisa i-multimeter thatha njengokujwayelekile isheke lokulinganiswa kwe-Ohmmeter, ngoba kulezi zinsimbi (konke kukodwa), wonke amapharamitha axhumene ngandlela thile (ibhethri, amathiphu, ama-ammeters kanye ne-voltmeter yokukala okuguquguqukayo kokumelana phakathi kwabanye).

Ukusetshenziswa kwephethini yokuhlola yezinsimbi zokulinganisa kagesi i-Ohmmeter, i-Ammeter ne-Voltmeter kuyadingeka ukukwenza njalo ngenxa yesipiliyoni sethu sokungakwenzi futhi ngeshwa ukuthi insimbi iphume ekulinganisweni, kungasinikeza izimpawu zamanga zokuhluleka noma amaphutha okufunda.

Siyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana eyethula le ndaba iyasiza, silindele ukuphawula kwakho nokungabaza kwakho.