Ka'idojin BERNOULLI- Darasi

Masanin, Daniel Bernoulli, ya gabatar da shi a shekarar 1738, wata ka’ida da ke dauke da sunansa, wanda ke tabbatar da alakar saurin ruwa da matsawar da yake yi, lokacin da ruwan ke gudana. Ruwan ruwa yakan yi sauri cikin kunkuntun bututu.

Hakanan yana ba da shawara cewa, don ruwa mai motsi, ana canza kuzari a duk lokacin da sashin giciye na bututun ya canza, yana gabatarwa a cikin Bernoulli Equation, alaƙar lissafi tsakanin nau'ikan kuzarin da ruwa mai motsi ke gabatarwa.

Amfani da ƙa'idar Bernoulli yana da nau'ikan gida iri-iri, aikace-aikace na kasuwanci da masana'antu, kamar su chimneys, maganin feshi na kwari, mitoci masu gudana, tubun Venturi, injinan carburettors, kofunan tsotsa, daga jirgin sama, ozonator na ruwa, kayan haƙori, da sauransu. Shi ne tushen karatun hydrodynamics da kuma injiniyoyin ruwa.

MAGANGANUN GASKIYA don fahimtar Ka'idodin Bernoulli

Na gayyace suBari mu ga labarin Zafin Dokar Joule "Aikace-aikace - Motsa jiki"

Ruwa:

Saitin ƙwayoyin halitta da aka rarraba bazuwar waɗanda ke haɗuwa tare da raƙuman haɗin gwiwa masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi da ƙarfin bangon akwati ke aiki, ba tare da ƙayyadadden juz'i ba. Dukansu ruwa da gas suna dauke da ruwa. A cikin nazarin halayyar ruwaye, yawanci ana yin binciken ruwaye a yanayin hutu (hydrostatic) da kuma ruwaye a motsi (hydrodynamics). Duba hoto na 1.

Muna gayyatarku ku ga labarin Ka'idojin Thermodynamic

Mass:

Gwajin inertia ko juriya don canza motsi na jikin ruwa. Mizanin yawan ruwa, ana auna shi a cikin kg.

Nauyin:

Forcearfin da ruwa ke jan hankalin duniya ta hanyar tasirin nauyi. Ana auna shi a cikin N, lbm.ft / s².

Yawa:

Adadin taro a juzu'i na abu. Ana auna shi a cikin kg / m³.

Gudu:

Perara a kowane sashi na lokaci, a cikin m3 / s.

Matsa lamba:

Adadin ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi a wani sashi na abu, ko a farfajiya. Ana auna shi a cikin Pascal ko psi, tsakanin sauran raka'a.

Danko:

Resistance na ruwaye ya gudana, saboda rikicewar ciki. Mafi girman danko, ƙarancin gudana. Ya bambanta da matsa lamba da zafin jiki.

Dokar Kare Makamashi:

Ba a halicci makamashi ba ko lalacewa, ana canza shi zuwa wani nau'in makamashi.

Ci gaban lissafi:

A cikin bututu tare da diamita daban-daban, tare da gudana koyaushe, akwai dangantaka tsakanin yankunan da saurin ruwa. Theididdigar suna daidai da yanayin ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren bututu. [1] Duba hoto na 2.

Ka'idar Bernoulli

Bayanin Ka'idar Bernoulli

Ka'idar Bernoulli ta kafa alaƙa tsakanin saurin gudu da matsin lamba na ruwa mai motsi. Ka'idar Bernoulli ta bayyana cewa, a cikin ruwa mai motsi, yayin da saurin ruwa ya karu, matsin yana raguwa. Abubuwan da suka fi saurin gudu za su sami ƙasa da matsi. [biyu]. Duba hoto na 2.

Lokacin da ruwa ke motsawa ta cikin bututu, idan bututun yana da raguwa (karami karami), ruwan dole ne ya kara hanzarinsa don kula da magudanar, kuma karfinsa yana raguwa. Duba hoto na 4.

Amfani da Ka'idar Bernoulli

Carburetor:

Na'ura, a cikin injina masu amfani da mai, inda iska da mai suke haɗuwa. Yayin da iska ke wucewa ta cikin bawul din matsewa, matsin nasa yana raguwa. Tare da wannan raguwar matsin mai ya fara gudana, a irin wannan ƙaramin matsin lamba yana turɓaya kuma yana haɗuwa da iska. [3]. Duba hoto na 5.

Jirage:

Don shawagin jiragen sama, an tsara fikafikan ta yadda za a samar da karfi da ake kira "dagawa", yana haifar da banbancin matsi tsakanin sama da kasan bangaren fikafikan. A cikin hoto na 6 zaku iya ganin ɗayan tsarukan jirgin sama. Iskar da ke wucewa a ƙarƙashin reshen jirgin sama na fuskantar raba haifar da matsin lamba mafi girma, yayin da iskar da ke wucewa kan fikafikan ke tafiya da nisa da kuma saurin gaske. Tunda babban matsin yana ƙarƙashin reshe, sakamakon ɗagawa yana haifar da juzuwar reshe zuwa sama.

Kayan kwalliyar jirgin ruwa:

Na'ura ce da ake amfani da ita azaman haɓaka a kan jiragen ruwa. Masu samarda kayan sun kunshi jerin ruwan wukake wadanda aka tsara su domin idan mai juyawar ya juya, ana haifar da saurin gudu tsakanin fuskokin ruwan wukake, sabili da haka bambancin matsi (Tasirin Bernoulli). Al. Bambancin matsi yana haifar da ƙarfin tarko, wanda ya dace da jirgin sama na na'urar motsa jiki, wanda ke motsa jirgin ruwan. Duba hoto na 7.

Jiki:

Lokacin da kake motsa hannayenka lokacin yin iyo, akwai banbancin matsi tsakanin tafin hannu da bayan hannu. A tafin hannu, ruwan yana wucewa cikin sauri da kuma matsin lamba (ka'idar Bernoulli), wanda ya samo asali daga "karfin dagawa" wanda ya dogara da bambancin matsi tsakanin tafin da bayan hannun. Duba hoto na 8.

Daidaita wa ka'idar Bernoulli

Lissafin lissafin Bernoulli ya bamu damar nazarin lissafin ruwan ruwa a motsi. Ka'idar Bernoulli ta taso ne, ta hanyar lissafi, bisa kiyaye makamashi, wanda ya bayyana cewa makamashi ba a halicce shi ko lalata shi ba, ana canza shi zuwa wani nau'in makamashi. Kinetic, yuwuwa da kwarara makamashi ana la'akari dasu:

• Kinetics: wanda ya danganta da saurin da kuma yawan ruwan
• Mai yiwuwa: saboda tsayi, dangane da matakin tunani
• Gudu ko matsa lamba: makamashi da ƙwayoyin ruwa ke ɗauka yayin da suke tafiya tare da bututun. Duba hoto na 9.

Jimlar kuzarin da ruwa ke motsawa shine jimlar kuzarin bugun jini, ƙarfin kuzari da ƙarfin kuzari. Ta dokar kiyaye makamashi, kuzarin ruwa daga bututu daidai yake da mashiga da fita. Jimlar kuzari a wurin farko, a mashigar bututu, daidai yake da adadin kuzarin da ke kan hanyar fita. [1] Duba hoto na 10.

Rauntataccen Equididdigar Bernoulli

• Yana aiki ne kawai don ruwa mai wahala.
• Ba la'akari da na'urorin da suke ƙara ƙarfi ga tsarin ba.
• Ba a la'akari da canja wurin zafi (a cikin lissafin asali).
• Ba a la'akari da kayan da ke ƙasa (Babu asarar asara).

Aiki

Don kawo ruwa zuwa hawa na biyu na gida, ana amfani da bututu kamar wanda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 11. Ana son cewa, a mashin ɗin bututun, wanda ya kasance mita 3 sama da ƙasa, ruwan yana da saurin 5 m / s, tare da matsin lamba daidai da PA 50.000. Menene dole ne saurin da matsin lamba wanda dole ne a ɗora ruwan? A cikin hoto na 10 an shigar da mashigar ruwa a matsayin aya 1 kuma mashigar ruwa a cikin ƙaramin bututun azaman lamba 2.

Magani

Don ƙayyade saurin v1, ana amfani da lissafin ci gaba a mashigar bututu. Duba hoto na 12.

Za'a yi amfani da lissafin Bernoulli don lissafin matsin lamba a mashigar P1, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 13.

ƘARUWA na Ka'idar Bernoulli

Ka'idar Bernoulli ta bayyana cewa, a cikin ruwa mai motsi, lokacin da hanzarinta ya karu, rage matsin lambar da yake yi. Energyarfin yana canzawa duk lokacin da ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren bututu ya canza.

Lissafin Bernoulli sakamako ne na adana makamashi don ruwa mai motsi. Ya bayyana cewa jimlar matsi na ruwa, kuzarin kuzari da kuzari mai yuwuwa, ya kasance tabbatacce a cikin dukkanin hanyar ruwan.

Wannan ƙa'idar tana da aikace-aikace da yawa kamar a ɗaga jiragen sama, ko na mutum yayin iyo, da kuma ƙirar kayan aiki don jigilar ruwaye, tsakanin wasu da yawa, nazarinsa da fahimtarsa ​​yana da mahimmanci.

REFERENCIAS

[1] Mott, Robert. (2006). Injin gyaran ruwa. Buga na 6. Ilimin Pearson
[2]
[3]