Zafin Dokar Joule "Aikace-aikace - Motsa jiki"
Joule yayi nazarin tasirin da aka samu lokacin da wutar lantarki ke zagayawa jagora kuma saboda haka sanannen dokar Joule ta kafa shi. Yayinda cajin lantarki ke motsawa ta cikin madugun lantarki yi karo da juna wanda ke samar da zafi.
Yin amfani da tasirin Joule, an tsara kayan gida da yawa da kayan aikin masana'antu, inda ake juya makamashin lantarki zuwa zafi ta wannan ƙa'idar, kamar masu dafa wutar lantarki da ƙarfe.
Ana amfani da Dokar Joule a cikin ƙirar kayan aiki don rage asarar kuzari ta hanyar zafi.
Sanin James Joule kaɗan:
James Prescott Joule (1818-1889)
Ya kasance masanin ilmin kimiyar lissafi dan Burtaniya wanda ya gudanar da bincike kan yanayin zafi, kuzari, wutar lantarki, da maganadisu.
Tare da William Thomson sun gano abin da ake kira Joule-Thomson sakamakon ta inda suka nuna cewa yana yiwuwa a sanyaya gas yayin fadadawa ba tare da yin aikin waje ba, wata ka'ida ce ta ci gaban firiji da kwandishan a yanzu. Ya yi aiki tare da Lord Kelvin don haɓaka cikakken sikelin zafin jiki, ya taimaka bayanin ka'idar motsa jiki na gas.
Ofungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta makamashi, zafi da aiki, joule, an laƙaba masa suna don girmama shi. [1]
Dokar Joule
Menene Doka ta Joule take gabatarwa?
Lokacin da wutar lantarki ke gudana ta cikin wani abu, wasu makamashi suna lalacewa azaman zafi. Doka ta Joule ta bamu damar tantance yawan zafin da yake watsewa a cikin wani abu, saboda wutar lantarki da ke yawo a cikin ta. Duba hoto na 1.
Dokar Joule ta bayyana cewa zafin rana (Q) da ake samarwa a cikin madugu yana daidai da juriyarsa ta lantarki R, zuwa murabba'in halin da yake bi ta cikinsa, da kuma tazarar lokaci. Duba hoto na 2.
Bayyanan lissafi na Dokar Joule
Zafin da yake tarwatsewa a cikin wani abu, lokacin da wani abu ya zagaya ta cikinsa, ana bayar dashi ta hanyar lissafin lissafi a cikin hoto na 3. Ana buƙatar sanin ƙimar wutar lantarki da ke zagayawa ta cikin haɓakar, ƙarfin juriya na lantarki da kuma tazarar lokaci. [biyu].
Lokacin karatun zafin zafi a cikin wani abu, yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman zafi ya watse a cikin naúrar "kalori" maimakon Joule. Hoto na 4 yana nuna dabara don tantance yawan zafin cikin adadin kuzari.
Yaya dumamar yanayi ke faruwa?
Lokacin da wutar lantarki ke gudana ta cikin mai gudanarwa, cajin lantarki yana karo da atomatik masu sarrafa yayin da suke motsawa ta ciki. Saboda irin wannan damuwa, wani sashi na makamashi ya juye zuwa zafin rana, yana kara zafin jiki na kayan aikin. Duba hoto na 5.
Currentarin ruwan da ke gudana a yanzu, yana daɗa ƙaruwa da zafin jiki, kuma yawancin zafi yana watsewa. Zafin da ake samarwa ta hanyar wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta hanyar madugu shine ma'auni na aikin da mai gudana ya yi don shawo kan juriya na mai gudanarwar.
Matsar da cajin lantarki yana buƙatar tushen lantarki. Dole ne tushen ƙarfin lantarki ya samar da ƙarin ƙarfi yayin da yawancin wutar ya watse. Ta hanyar ƙayyade yawan zafin da ake samarwa, zaku iya tantance yawan ƙarfin tushen wutar lantarki dole ne ya samar.
Aikace-aikacen dokar Joule
Joule sakamako a cikin kwararan fitila
Ana yin kwararan fitila ne ta hanyar sanya babban tungsten filament a cikin kwan fitilar gilashi. A zafin jiki na 500 ,C, jiki yana fitar da haske mai ja, wanda yake canzawa zuwa fari idan zafin jikin ya ƙaru. Fitilar kwan fitilar fitila, a kan kai 3.000 ºC, tana fitar da farin haske. A cikin ampoule an yi babban wuri kuma an sanya gas mai aiki don kada filament ɗin ya ƙone.
Zafin da aka bayar ta halin yanzu (Joule effect) yayin wucewa ta hanyar filament din yana ba shi damar isa yanayin zafin jiki da ake buƙata don rashin haɗari ya faru, sakamakon kayan aiki don fitar da haske yayin fuskantar yanayin zafi mai yawa. Duba hoto na 6.
Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi kwan fitila mafi dacewa don girma ƙarfin aiki. A cikin kwararan fitila wanda ake amfani da shi aƙalla 15% na makamashi, sauran makamashin lantarki suna watsewa cikin zafi. A cikin kwararan fitila 80 zuwa 90% an canza su zuwa makamashi mai haske, kashi 10% ne kawai ke lalacewa yayin watsawa a cikin yanayin zafi. Bulyaran fitila sune mafi kyawun zaɓi, suna da ƙimar ƙarfi da ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Duba hoto na 7. [3]
Ayyukan 1
Don 100 W, 110 V kwan fitila mai haskakawa, ƙayyade:
a) ofarfin halin yanzu yana gudana ta cikin kwan fitila.
b) energyarfin da yake cinyewa a awa ɗaya.
Magani:
a) wutar lantarki:
Ana amfani da maganganun wutar lantarki:
Muna gayyatarka ka ga labarin Watt na Dokar Makamashi
Ta Dokar Ohm ana samun ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kwan fitila:
muna gayyatarku ka ga labarin Dokar Ohm da sirrinta
b) Ana amfani da makamashi a kowace awa
Doka ta Joule tana tantance yawan zafin da aka watsa a cikin kwan fitilar
Idan 1 Kilowatt-hour = 3.600.000 Joule, makamashin da ake amfani dashi a kowace awa shine:
Q = 0,002 kWh
Sakamako:
i = 0,91 A; Q = 0,002 kWh
Tasirin Joule - Rarrabawa da rarraba wutar lantarki
Ana amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda aka samar a cikin shuka, ta hanyar keɓaɓɓun igiyoyi don amfani dashi daga baya a cikin gidaje, kasuwanni da masana'antu. [4]
Yayin da halin yanzu ke gudana, tasirin Joule ya watsar da zafi, yana rasa ɓangare na kuzarin ga muhalli. Mafi girman halin yanzu, mafi girman zafin da aka watsar. Don kaucewa asarar makamashi, ana jigilar igiyoyin a ƙananan raƙuman ruwa da ƙananan ƙarfin 380 kV. Wannan yana inganta inganci a cikin jigilar makamashin lantarki. A cikin maɓuɓɓuka da masu canza wuta an rage su zuwa matakan ƙarfin lantarki a 110 V da 220 V don amfaninsu na ƙarshe25 ko 220 volts). Duba hoto na 8.
A cikin kayan aiki da yawa ana amfani da tasirin Joule, inda makamashin lantarki ke canzawa zuwa zafi, kamar a cikin ƙarfe na lantarki, dumama ruwa, fiɗa, toasters, murhun lantarki, da sauransu. Duba hoto na 9.
Ayyukan 2
Ana amfani da baƙin ƙarfe lantarki 400W na mintina 10. Sanin cewa baƙin ƙarfe yana haɗe da tashar wutar lantarki 110 V, ƙayyade:
a) ofarfin ruwan da ke gudana a cikin ƙarfe.
b) Yawan zafin da baƙin ƙarfe ya zubar.
Magani:
Wutar lantarki
Ana amfani da maganganun wutar lantarki:
p = vi
Ta Dokar Ohm ana samun ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kwan fitila:
Zafi
Dokar Joule tana ƙayyade adadin zafin da aka watsa a cikin farantin. Idan minti ya ƙunshi sakan 60, to minti 10 = 600 s.
Idan 1 Kilowatt-hour = 3.600.000 Joule, zafin da aka saki shine:
Q = 0,07 kWh
ƘARUWA
Dokar Joule ta bayyana cewa zafin da ake samu ta hanyar wutar lantarki lokacin da yake kewaya ta hanyar madugu yana daidai da murabba'in ƙarfin halin yanzu, lokutan juriya da lokacin da yake ɗauka don halin yanzu ya kewaya. A cikin girmamawa ga Joule rukunin makamashi a cikin tsarin duniya yanzu ana kiransa "Joule".
Yawancin na'urori suna amfani da “sakamakon joule”, Ta hanyar samar da zafi ta hanyar wucewa ta hanyar madugu, kamar su murhu, murhu, toasters, faranti, da sauransu.
Muna gayyatarku ku bar ra'ayoyinku da tambayoyinku akan wannan batun mai ban sha'awa.