Menene DOKAR OHM? ➡️ Koyi shi cikin Sauki da Motsa jiki

Gabatarwa ga Dokar Ohm:

Dokar Ohm Ita ce masaniyar fahimtar asalin wutar lantarki. Daga wannan ra'ayi yana da mahimmanci a bincika bayanin Dokar Ohm ta hanyar ka'idodi masu amfani. Saboda kwarewarmu a fagen, nazarin wannan dokar har ma yana ba mu damar yin mafarkin kowane kwararre a yankin ya zama gaskiya: aiki ƙasa da yin ƙari, tunda tare da fassarar daidai zamu iya ganowa da kuma bincika layukan lantarki. Duk wannan labarin zamuyi magana game da mahimmancin sa, asalin sa, amfani da aikace-aikace da kuma asirin don ƙara fahimtar sa.

¿Wanene ya gano dokar Ohm?

Georg simon ohm (Erlangen, Bavaria; 16 ga Maris, 1789-Munich, 6 ga Yuli, 1854) wani Bajamushe ne masanin ilmin lissafi da lissafi wanda ya ba da gudummawar dokar Ohm ga kaidar wutar lantarki. [1]. Ohm sananne ne ga karatu da fassarar alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ƙarfinta na lantarki da juriya, ya kirkira a 1827 dokar da ke ɗauke da sunansa wanda ke cewa Ni = V / R. Rukunin juriya na lantarki, ohm, an sa masa suna. [1] (duba hoto na 1)

Georg Simon Ohm da Dokar Ohm nasa (citeia.com) — Hoto 1 Georg Simon Ohm da dokar Ohm nasa (https://citeia.com)

Menene dokar Ohm take?

La Dokar Ohm ya kafa: ofarfin halin yanzu ta hanyar da'irar lantarki ya dace daidai da ƙarfin lantarki ko ƙarfin lantarki (yiwuwar bambancin V) kuma ya dace da juriya na wutar lantarki da yake gabatarwa (duba hoto na 2)

Fahimtar hakan:

Adadin	Alamar doka ta Ohm	Nau'in ma'auni	Matsayi	Idan kuna mamaki:
Damuwa	E	Volt (V)	Matsi da ke haifar da kwararar electrons	E = Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko ƙarfin lantarki
Ruwa	I	Ampere (A)	Ƙarfin wutar lantarki	I = tsanani
Resistance	R	Ohm (Ω)	mai hana kwarara ruwa	Ω = harafin omega

E= Bambancin yuwuwar wutar lantarki ko ƙarfin lantarki "tsohuwar lokacin makaranta" (Volts "V").
I= Ƙarfin wutar lantarki (Amperes "Amp.")
R= Resistance Electrical (Ohms “Ω”)

Hoto na 2; Tsarin Dokar Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Mece ce Dokar Ohm?

Wannan tambaya ce mafi ban sha'awa da ɗaliban wutar lantarki / lantarki na matakin farko ke yi wa kansu, inda muke ba da shawarar ku fahimci ta sosai kafin ci gaba ko ci gaba da wani batu. Bari mu tantance shi mataki-mataki: Rashin wutar lantarki: Adawa ne ga kwararar wutar lantarki ta hanyar madugu. Lantarki halin yanzu: Gudun caji ne na lantarki (electrons) wanda yake ratsawa ta hanyar madugu ko kayan aiki. Gudun da yake gudana yanzu shine adadin caji a kowane sashi na lokaci, ma'aunin sa shine Ampere (Amp). Bambancin yiwuwar lantarki: Yawan adadi ne na zahiri wanda ke kimanta bambancin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin maki biyu. Hakanan za'a iya bayyana shi azaman aiki da cajin raka'a ɗaya wanda filin lantarki ke amfani dashi akan ƙwayar da aka caje don matsar dashi tsakanin ƙayyadaddun matsayi biyu. Gwargwadon abin auna shine Volt (V).

ƙarshe

Dokar Ohm Shi ne kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci don nazarin hanyoyin lantarki da kuma tushen tushe don nazarin ayyukan lantarki da lantarki a kowane matakai. Bayar da lokaci don nazarinsa, a cikin wannan yanayin da aka haɓaka a cikin wannan labarin (a iyakarsa), yana da mahimmanci don fahimta da kuma nazarin asirin don magance matsala.

Inda zamu iya kammala bisa ga nazarin Dokar Ohm:

Mafi girman bambancin yiwuwar (V) da ƙananan juriya (Ω): Mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki (Amp).
Bambanci mafi ƙanƙanta (V) da juriya mafi girma (Ω): ƙarancin ƙarfin halin yanzu na lantarki (Amp).

Motsa jiki don fahimta da sanya Dokar Ohm a aikace

Ayyukan 1
Ayyukan 2
Ayyukan 3
Ayyukan 4
Ayyukan 5

Ayyukan 1

Aiwatar da Dokar Ohm A cikin da'irar mai zuwa (siffa 3) tare da juriya R1 = 10 Ω da yuwuwar bambancin E1 = 12V da ake amfani da dokar Ohm, sakamakon shine: I = E1 / R1 I = 12V / 10 Ω I = 1.2 Amp.

Tsarin lantarki na asali — Hoto na 3 Kayan lantarki na asali (https://citeia.com)

Nazarin Dokar Ohm (Misali 1)

Don bincika dokar Ohm za mu matsa kusan zuwa Kerepakupai Merú ko Angel Falls (Kerepakupai Merú a cikin harshen asali na Pemón, wanda ke nufin "tsalle daga wuri mafi zurfi"), shi ne mafi yawan ruwan sama a duniya, tare da 979 m tsawo (m 807 na faɗuwa mara yankewa), ya samo asali ne daga Auyantepuy. Tana cikin Canaima National Park, Bolívar, Venezuela [2]. (duba hoto na 4)

kwatancen tsalle mala'ika da dokar Ohm — Hoto 4. Tattauna Dokar Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Idan munyi tunanin aiwatar da bincike mai amfani da Dokar Ohm, yin tunani kamar haka:

Tsawan tsayi kamar bambancin yuwuwar.
Ruwan ruwa a cikin kaka a matsayin juriya.
Ruwan Gudun Ruwa na Cascade azaman Matsayin Wutar Lantarki

Darasi 2:

A cikin kwatankwacin kama-da-wane mun kimanta kewaya misali daga adadi na 5:

Nazarin dokar Ohm — Hoto 5 Tattaunawa game da shimfidar Ohm 1 (https://citeia.com)

Inda E1 = 979V da R1=100 Ω I=E1/R1 I= 979V/100 Ω I= 9.79 Amp.

citeia.com

Nazarin Dokar Ohm (Misali 2)

Yanzu a cikin wannan virtualization, misali, idan muka matsa zuwa wani waterfall misali: Iguazú Falls, a kan iyaka tsakanin Brazil da Argentina, a Guaraní Iguazú yana nufin "babban ruwa", kuma shi ne sunan cewa 'yan qasar mazaunan Kudancin Cone. na Amurka ya ba da kogin da ke ciyar da mafi girman magudanan ruwa a Latin Amurka, daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya. Duk da haka, a lokacin rani na baya-bayan nan sun sami matsala game da kwararar ruwa[3]. (duba hoto na 6)

Iguazu Falls kwatankwacin kamala da dokar ohm — Hoto 6 Yin Nazarin Dokar Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Darasi 3:

Inda muke tsammanin wannan bincike na kamala shine E1 = 100V da R1 = 1000 Ω (duba hoto na 7) I = E1 / R1 I = 100V / 1000 Ω I = 0.1 Amp.

Nazarin dokar Ohm 2 — Hoto 7 Tattaunawa game da dokar Ohm 2 (https://citeia.com)

Nazarin Dokar Ohm (Misali 3)

Don wannan misali, wasu daga cikin masu karatunmu na iya tambaya, kuma menene bincike idan yanayin muhalli a cikin ruwa na Iguazú ya inganta (wanda muke fata zai zama lamarin, tuna cewa duk abin da ke cikin yanayi dole ne ya kasance da daidaituwa). A cikin bincike mai mahimmanci, muna ɗauka cewa juriya na ƙasa (zuwa magudanar ruwa) a cikin ka'idar ita ce ta dindindin, E zai zama babban bambance-bambancen da aka tara a sama inda a sakamakon haka za mu sami ƙarin kwarara ko a cikin kwatanta halin yanzu (I). ), zai zama misali: (duba hoto na 8)

kwatanta ruwan Iguazú da Ohm na kwance — adadi 8 na dokar Ohm ta 3 (https://citeia.com)

citeia.com

Darasi 4:

Ta dokar Ohm, idan muka haɓaka bambancin da ke akwai ko muka tara ƙarfinsa na lantarki, da kiyaye juriya E1 = 700V da R1 = 1000 Ω (duba hoto na 9)

I = E1 / R1
I = 700V / 1000 Ω
I = 0.7 Amp

Mun lura cewa ƙarfin yanzu (Amp) a cikin da'irar yana ƙaruwa.

lantarki — Hoto 9 nazarin dokar Ohm 4 (https://citeia.com)

Yin nazarin Dokar Ohm don fahimtar asirin ta

Lokacin da mutum ya fara nazarin dokar Ohm, mutane da yawa suna mamakin yadda irin wannan doka mai sauƙi za ta iya samun wani sirri? A haƙiƙa babu wani sirri idan muka yi nazari dalla-dalla a cikin iyakarsa. A wasu kalmomi, rashin yin nazarin doka daidai zai iya, alal misali, ya sa mu harhada wutar lantarki (ko a aikace, a cikin na'ura, ko da a matakin masana'antu) lokacin da kawai zai iya zama lalacewa ta hanyar igiya ko haɗin haɗi. Zamu binciki al'amura da hali:

Halin 1 (Bude kewaye):

nazarin bude lantarki — Hoto 10 Bude da'irar lantarki (https://citeia.com)

Idan muka binciko da'irar a adadi na 10, ta dokar Ohm samar da wutar lantarki E1 = 10V kuma juriya a wannan yanayin insulator ne (iska) wanda yake da iyaka finite. Don haka muna da:

I = E1 / R
I = 10V / Ω Ω

Inda halin yanzu ya kasance 0 Amp.

Halin 2 (Yanke gajere):

nazarin gajeren lantarki — Hoto 11: Hanyar lantarki a gajeren hanya (https://citeia.com)

A wannan yanayin (Figure 11) wutar lantarki shine E = 10V, amma resistor shine jagora wanda a ka'idar yana da 0Ω, don haka a wannan yanayin zai zama gajeren hanya.

I = E1 / R
I = 10V / 0 Ω

Inda halin yanzu a ka'idar yake zama mara iyaka (∞) Amp. Menene zai lalata tsarin kariya (fius), koda a cikin kayan aikin kwaikwayo na mu ya haifar da taka tsantsan da ƙararrawa. Kodayake a zahiri baturai na zamani suna da tsarin kariya da kuma iyakance ta yanzu, muna ba da shawarar ga masu karatu mu bincika alaƙar kuma su guji gajeren da'irori (batura, idan tsarin kariyarsu ya gaza, na iya fashewa "Tsanaki").

Hali na 3 (haɗuwa ko gazawar waya)

Idan muka ji tsoro a cikin hanyar lantarki to tushen wuta E1 = 10V da R1 = 10 Ω dole ne mu kasance da dokar Ohm;

Darasi 5:

I = E1 / R1
I = 10V / 10 Ω
I = 1 Amp

Yanzu muna ɗauka cewa a cikin da'irar muna da matsala saboda waya (waya ta karye ko ta fashe) ko haɗuwa mara kyau, misali, adadi na 12.

karyewar layin waya — Hoto 12 Hanya tare da Kuskuren Waya Mai Tsagewa (https://citeia.com)

Kamar yadda muka riga muka bincika tare da buɗe maɓallin, mai lalacewa ko ɓataccen mai gudanarwar zai sami irin wannan halin. Currentarfin wutar lantarki = 0 Amp. Amma idan na tambaye ku wane bangare (adadi na 13) A ko B suka lalace? kuma ta yaya zasu tantance shi?

Karya ko fashewar kewayen waya — Hoto 13 Tattaunawar zagaye tare da lalacewar waya ko lalataccen ciki (https://citeia.com)

Tabbas amsarku zata kasance, bari mu auna ci gaba kuma kawai mu gano wanne daga cikin igiyoyin ya lalace (don haka dole ne mu cire haɗin abubuwan da aka kashe sannan mu kashe wutar lantarki E1), amma don wannan binciken zamu ɗauka cewa asalin ba zai iya zama ba kashe ko cire haɗin kowane wayoyi, yanzu bincike ya zama mafi ban sha'awa? Optionayan zaɓi shine sanya voltmeter a layi ɗaya zuwa da'irar misali adadi na 14

Takaitaccen Nazarin Da'irar Amfani da Dokar Ohm — Hoto na 14 Kuskuren Nazarin Hanya (https://citeia.com)

Idan tushen yana aiki, voltmeter yakamata ya nuna tsoran ƙarfin wuta a wannan yanayin 10V.

Yin nazarin layukan lantarki tare da dokar Ohm — Hoto na 15 Kuskuren Nazarin Hanya ta Dokar Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Idan muka sanya voltmeter a layi daya zuwa Resistor R1, ƙarfin lantarki 0V ne idan muka bincika shi ta Dokar Ohm Muna da:

VR1 = Na x R1
Inda Ina = 0 Amp
Muna tsoron VR1 = 0 Amp x 10 Ω = 0V

nazarin layin waya ta dokar Ohm — Hoto na 16 yana nazarin laifin wayoyi ta dokar Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Yanzu idan muka sanya voltmeter a layi daya da wayar da ta lalace zamu sami ƙarfin wutar lantarki, me yasa?

Tunda I = 0 Amp, juriya R1 (bashi da adawa daga wutar lantarki wacce ke haifar da duniya mai amfani) kamar yadda muka riga muka bincika VR1 = 0V Don haka muna da kebul ɗin da aka lalace (a cikin wannan yanayin) Voltage na wutar lantarki.

V (waya da ta lalace) = E1 - VR1
V (waya da ta lalace) = 10 V - 0 V = 10V

Ina gayyatar ku da ku bar tsokaci da shakkunku cewa tabbas za mu amsa. Hakanan zai iya taimaka muku gano kurakuran lantarki a cikin labarinmu akan Kayan auna wuta (Ohmmeter, Voltmeter, Ammeter)

Zai iya yi maka hidima:

Abubuwan da suka shafi:[1] [2] [3]

Dokar Ohm da sirrinta [MAGANA]