Yintoni iMephu yeConcept: Imvelaphi, izibonelelo kwaye zezantoni?

Ngokuqinisekileyo xa wawusengumfundi wawudibana nesi sihloko: "Yintoni imephu yokuqonda: imvelaphi, izibonelelo kwaye zezantoni?" Kulungile nam. Yiyo loo nto namhlanje ndize kukushiya eli nqaku ngenjongo yokuhlaziya inkumbulo malunga nalo mba, MASIHAMBE KHONA!

Yintoni imephu yeengcinga?

Un imephu yengqondo sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esiqulathe uyilo lwegraphic oluphefumlelweyo ngumxholo othile. Imephu yengqiqo kufuneka yenziwe ngeekhonsepthi ezilungelelaniswe ngendlela eyenziweyo. Iikhonsepthi ezisetyenzisiweyo zinokucwangciswa ngokulandelelana kumanani anje ngoxande, izangqa, amafu, okanye umfanekiso ojolise kumxholo. Kufuneka zidityaniswe ngemigca ethe tye okanye egobileyo.

Le mephu ishwankathela isihloko kuluhlu lweembono ezilula. Nangona kunjalo, ayizukumela oko kuphela, kuba xa uyisebenzisa umntu uya kuba nombono ngqo wokuba umbonisi uzimisele ukuseka ntoni. Ke xa kuziwa ekuthatheni lonke uluvo lwemephu yeengcinga, kuya kufuneka ugcine ulwakhiwo olulula ukuba umbukeli aluqwalasele kwaye alujonge.

Ezi ntlobo zezixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukubulela ekwenzeni lula ukulungiselela nokucwangcisa izimvo ngendlela enentsingiselo; kubo bobabini umbonisi kunye nombukeli. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba esi ayisosixhobo sitsha. Kwavela umbulelo kuDavid Ausubel ngo-1970, owaphuhlisa ithiyori malunga nesayikholoji yokufunda okunentsingiselo kwaye uJoseph Novak wayisebenzisa.

Funda: Uyenza njani imephu yamanzi yokuqonda

Imvelaphi yeemephu zembono

Ukuphuhliswa kweemephu zembono kwaqala ngo-1972, xa inkqubo yophando yasetyenziswa kwiYunivesithi yaseCornell ukusuka kwingqondo yokufunda kukaDavid Ausubel. Kule nto baxoxisana nenani elikhulu labantwana. Apho kwafunyaniswa ukuba kwakunzima ngenene ukuba abantwana baqonde iikhonsepthi zesayensi.

U-Ausubel ucacisile ukuba ukwenziwa kolwazi kufunyenwe ngokusebenzisa iikhonsepthi ezingakhathalelwanga, xa kuthelekiswa neengcinga kunye nezimaphambili umntu anazo. Kulapho kuvele khona umbono omangalisayo wokuqokelela ulwazi ngeebhloko ezincinci kunye nokunxibelelana ngokunxulumene nomnye kulungiswe ngendlela yolawulo.

Kwakunoncedo kungekuphela nje ukufaka ulwazi, kodwa kunye nokuluchaza, kwaye lwalunjalo. Yaba sisixhobo sovavanyo sokulinganisa ukuqonda komntu ngesihloko.

Izinto zeMephu yeConcept

-Iingcamango

Ziziganeko, iimeko okanye izinto ezimelwe ngamanani ejiyometri. Umxholo wayo ubuncinci kufuneka ube ngamagama amathathu, kwaye izenzi, imihla, izichazi okanye izibizo ezifanelekileyo aziyi kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Inokuba yinto eyahlukileyo engaphindaphindwanga kwimephu.

-Ukudibanisa amagama

Amagama alula ukudibanisa "iikhonsepthi". Ezi zihlala zizenzi, izichazi, amagama alawula ukubonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweekhonsepthi. Konke oku ukuze kuboniswe kwimaphu kuyaqondakala kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Amagama oqhagamshelo amelwe kwimephu ngokudibanisa imigca. Phakathi kwazo "kulungiselelwe", "phakathi kwazo kukho", "yinxalenye ye", "kuya kuxhomekeka", phakathi kwabanye.

-Izalathandawo

Sisivakalisi esinentsingiselo sento ethile okanye isiganeko. Yakhiwa ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu iikhonsepthi ezinolwalamano phakathi kwazo, zenza iyunithi yesemantic.

-Unxibelelwano okanye amalungu

Zisetyenziselwa ukunika ukuqonda okungcono kwiingcinga ezinonxibelelwano, zityhila ukuba zeziphi iikhonsepthi ezifanayo. Imigca, unxibelelwano, iintolo eziweleyo ziyasetyenziswa.

Unomdla kwi: Ezona nkqubo zibalaseleyo zokwenza iimephu zengqondo kunye neengcinga

Kutheni le nto kufuneka usebenzise imephu yengcinga?

Ingqondo yomntu ngokukhawuleza ithimba kunye neenkqubo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ngokungafaniyo nokubhaliweyo. Imephu yengqiqo sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukumela naluphi na uhlobo lolwazi. Baya kunceda ukujonga ubudlelwane bezinto ezahlukeneyo. Funda utolike isihloko emva koko ubamele kwizangqa nakwimigca, kancinci kancinci zonke ezi zinto ziya kuba ngumzobo obalulekileyo. Zisetyenziswe ngokuhamba rhoqo kwicandelo lezemfundo, nangona kunjalo kuyasebenza nakweyiphi na intsimi.

Iindidi zemephu yengqondo

Ngendlela, sikushiya apha isifundo esincinci esinokuba luncedo xa usebenzisa iPC yakho ukuze ufunde: Uyenza njani ikhompyuter yam ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza.

MASIQHUBEKE! Iindidi zemephu yoluvo zezi:

Uluhlu lwemigangatho

Iphuhlisiwe ukuqala kumxholo osisiseko. Oku kuhlala kubekwe kwindawo yokuqala yesakhiwo, oko kukuthi, indawo ephezulu. Ukusuka kuyo, izimvo ezahlukeneyo ezenziweyo okanye ezinye izinto zesihloko zithathiwe, zihlala zithathela ingqalelo isikhundla solawulo ngasinye.

Isigcawu

Kwimephu yesigcawu yohlobo lwesigcawu, umxholo ophakathi ubekwe kanye embindini wesakhiwo, kwaye ukusasazeka ngeenxa zonke kuzo zizimvo kunye neengcinga ezinabaphathi abaphantsi. Olu hlobo lwesishwankathelo yinto eyenza ibukeke njengesigcawu.

Itshathi yeshishini

Kule mephu, ulwazi lweembono luboniswa ngendlela ethe ngqo. Oku kumisela ngokukodwa isikhombisi sokujonga okanye ukufunda. Ngale ndlela, yonke into ebonakalisiweyo kolu hlobo lwemephu yoluvo iya kwenza ingqiqo.

Inkqubo

Ifana kakhulu nomxholo wemephu yohlobo lwetshathi. Nangona kunjalo, ukumila kobume bayo kuvumela abantu ukuba benze amanye amasebe avumela imibono emitsha okanye iikhonsepthi ukuba zibandakanywe.

Ubuninzi

Iyaphuhliswa ukuqala ngohlobo lomzobo, nokuba-mbini okanye-ntathu, evela kulwakhiwo lwe iseshoni yentlangano.

Uxinzelelo

Zinokwenziwa ngokuqala nakweyiphi na into esele ikhankanyiwe apha ngasentla. Kodwa uluvo ngalunye okanye isicatshulwa esivelayo sivela kuhlobo lwelinki eyahlukileyo okanye imephu yengcinga. Ke iyayandisa inani lolwazi kuluhlu lwayo.

Jonga oku: Uyenza njani imephu yeengcinga yenkqubo yeemvakalelo

Umahluko phakathi kwemephu yengcinga kunye nemephu yokucinga

IMephu YENGQONDO	I-MAP YENGQONDO
Isetyenziselwa ukubonisa iseti yeengcinga ezenziwe ngaphakathi.	Isetyenziselwa ukuqulunqa nokumela ulwazi esele lukhona. Izimvo ziveliswa ngaphandle
Bamele iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi kunye neengcinga.	Bakhulisa izihloko zemfundo, ke isicelo sabo sisesikweni ngakumbi.
Kuboniswa ngegama okanye umfanekiso embindini wemephu kunye nemibono enxulumene nayo ehanjisiweyo	Ihlelwe ngendlela ye-hierarchical, ibeka esona sihloko siphambili kwimephu kunye neengcinga ezinxulumene nazo apha ngezantsi.
Ibonisa isihloko esithile apho kuvela khona izihlokwana ezininzi.	Izihloko zinobudlelwane obuninzi kunye nokunxibelelana.

Izibonelelo zeemephu zembono

• Imephu yeengcinga sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokudibanisa, yindlela ekhawulezayo yokufumana nasiphi na isihloko esithile. Kukuboniswa okusebenzayo kwimfundo ekhawulezayo nenentsingiselo, ke nabani na oyisebenzisayo uya kuxhamla kakhulu.

• Lubonakala ngokulula nangokuziqhelanisa nawo nawuphi na umxholo. Ingasetyenziswa nakweyiphi na intsimi, ukusuka kwinxalenye yezifundo, umsebenzi, ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nabanye.

• Ikhuthaza ukufunda okucwangcisiweyo ngokuphuhlisa ukucinga komntu kunye nokwenza lula umxholo ngokudibanisa.

• Kukuthanda ukukhangela ulwazi, kuba umntu lowo kufuneka abonane nemithombo eyahlukeneyo ukufumana unxibelelwano kunye neekhonsepthi kwaye anike umxholo ochanekileyo.

• Ukuphucula ukuqonda komfundi kunye nezakhono zokuhlalutya; Ukongeza ekwandeni kokuyila ngenxa yolwakhiwo ekufuneka luphunyeziwe.

Izigqibo

• Ngenxa yefomathi ebonakalayo ephunyezisiweyo, iququzelela ukuqondwa kwezihloko.
• Ishwankathela ulwazi ngokusebenzisa iikhonsepthi ezintsha nezindala.
• Khuthaza ukuqiqa malunga nokufunda kunye nokuqonda ukuqonda.
• Yandisa iikhonsepthi kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabo.
• Ikhuthaza ubuchule bomntu.
• Ngenxa yexabiso lemithombo kunye nokuthelekisa iikhonsepthi kulwandisa kakhulu ulwazi.
• Ibonisa umbukeli ukuba kulula kangakanani ukufunda izihloko ezithile.
• Ukwandiswa ngokulula kunye nokuphunyezwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, umsebenzi, imfundo, impilo kunye nokunye.