Mfundo za BERNOULLI- Zochita

Wasayansi, a Daniel Bernoulli, adakulira mu 1738, mfundo yomwe ili ndi dzina lake, yomwe imakhazikitsa ubale wa kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi ndi kuthamanga komwe kumakhalapo, pomwe madziwo akuyenda. Madzi amakonda kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwawo m'mipope yopapatiza.

Ikufotokozanso kuti, poyenda madzi, mphamvu imasinthidwa nthawi iliyonse pomwe gawo la chitoliro lisintha, ndikuwonetsa mu Bernoulli Equation, ubale wamasamu pakati pa mitundu yamagetsi yomwe madzi omwe amayenda amapereka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya Bernoulli kuli ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo, zamalonda ndi mafakitale, monga chimney, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mamitala oyenda, machubu a Venturi, ma carburettors, makapu oyamwa, kukweza ndege, ozonators amadzi, zida zamano, pakati pa ena. Ndiwo maziko ophunzirira zama hydrodynamics ndimadzimadzi.

MAGANIZO OTSOGOLERA kuti mumvetse Mfundo za Bernoulli

NdinawayitanaTiyeni tiwone nkhani ya Kutentha kwa Lamulo la Joule "Mapulogalamu - Zochita"

Zamadzimadzi:

Gulu la mamolekyulu omwe amagawidwa mwachisawawa omwe amathandizana pamodzi ndi mphamvu zopanda mphamvu zolumikizana komanso ndi mphamvu zomwe zimachitika pamakoma a chidebe, popanda voliyumu yodziwika. Zonse zamadzimadzi ndi mpweya zimaonedwa ngati madzi. Pofufuza zamakhalidwe amadzimadzi, kuphunzira zamadzimadzi kupumula (hydrostatic) ndi madzi oyenda (hydrodynamics) nthawi zambiri amachitika. Onani chithunzi 1.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwone nkhaniyi Mfundo za Thermodynamic

Misa:

Kuyeza kwa inertia kapena kukana kusintha kayendedwe ka thupi lamadzimadzi. Kuyeza kwa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi, amayeza mu kg.

Kunenepa:

Mphamvu yomwe madziwo amakopeka ndi dziko lapansi chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Amayeza N, lbm.ft / s².

Kachulukidwe:

Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa gawo limodzi la chinthu. Amayeza mu kg / m³.

Mumayenda:

Voliyumu pa gawo limodzi la nthawi, mu m3 / s.

Anzanu:

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo amodzi a chinthu, kapena pamtunda. Amayezedwa mu Pascal kapena psi, pakati pa mayunitsi ena.

Kukhuthala:

Kukaniza kwa madzi kuti ayende, chifukwa cha mkangano wamkati. Kutalika kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kutsika kwake kumatsika. Zimasiyanasiyana ndi kuthamanga ndi kutentha.

Lamulo Losunga Mphamvu:

Mphamvu sizipangidwa kapena kuwonongedwa, zimasandulika kukhala mtundu wina wa mphamvu.

Kuphatikiza kopitilira:

Pa chitoliro chokhala ndi ma diameters osiyanasiyana, poyenda mosalekeza, pali ubale pakati pa maderawo ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi. Ma velocities amafanana molingana ndi magawo amipanda ya chitoliro. [1]. Onani chithunzi 2.

Mfundo ya Bernoulli

Ndemanga ya Mfundo Ya Bernoulli

Mfundo ya Bernoulli imakhazikitsa ubale pakati pa kuthamanga ndi kukakamizidwa kwamadzimadzi oyenda. Mfundo ya a Bernoulli imati, mumayendedwe amadzi, liwiro lamadzi likamakula, kuthamanga kumachepa. Malo othamanga kwambiri sakhala ndi zovuta zochepa. [awiri]. Onani chithunzi 2.

Madzi akamadutsa chitoliro, ngati chitolirocho chimachepa (chaching'ono), madziwo amayenera kuwonjezera liwiro lake kuti madzi aziyenda bwino, ndipo kuthamanga kwake kumachepa. Onani chithunzi 4.

Zogwiritsa Ntchito Mfundo za Bernoulli

Zamgululi

Chipangizo, mu injini zoyendera mafuta, pomwe mpweya ndi mafuta ndizosakanikirana. Pamene mpweya umadutsa mu valavu yampweya, kuthamanga kwake kumachepa. Ndikuchepa kwapanikizika mafuta amayamba kuyenda, motsika kwambiri amatulutsa mpweya ndi kusakanikirana ndi mpweya. [3]. Onani chithunzi 5.

Ndege:

Ndege zouluka, mapikowo adapangidwa kuti pakhale mphamvu yotchedwa "kukweza", ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa gawo lakumtunda ndi lotsika lamapiko. Mu chithunzi 6 mutha kuwona chimodzi mwazopanga za mapiko a ndege. Mpweya womwe umadutsa pansi pa mapiko a ndege umakonda kupatukana ndikupanga kupanikizika kwakukulu, pomwe mpweya womwe umadutsa pamapiko umayenda mtunda wokulirapo komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Popeza kuti kuthamanga kwake kuli pansi pa phiko, mphamvu yokweza imabweretsa yomwe imakweza phiko m'mwamba.

Choyendetsa bwato:

Ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowongolera zombo. Zoyendetsa zimakhala ndi masamba angapo omwe amapangidwira kotero kuti pamene zoyendera zimazungulira, kusiyana kwakanthawi kumapangidwa pakati pa nkhope zamasamba, chifukwa chake kusiyana kwamphamvu (zotsatira za Bernoulli). Al. Kusiyana kwamphamvu kumabweretsa mphamvu, yofanana ndi ndege yoyendetsa, yomwe imayendetsa boti. Onani chithunzi 7.

Kusambira:

Mukasuntha manja mukasambira, pamakhala kusiyana pakati pakanjedza ndi kumbuyo kwa dzanja. M'dzanja, madzi amadutsa motsika kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri (mfundo ya Bernoulli), yoyambira "mphamvu yokweza" yomwe imadalira kusiyanasiyana kwapakati pa chikhatho ndi kumbuyo kwa dzanja. Onani chithunzi 8.

Mgwirizano pamalingaliro a Bernoulli

Mgwirizano wa Bernoulli umatilola kuti tisanthule masamu poyenda. Mfundo ya Bernoulli imachitika, mwamasamu, potengera kusungidwa kwa mphamvu, komwe kumati mphamvu siyapangidwa kapena kuwonongedwa, imasandulika kukhala mtundu wina wamagetsi. Mphamvu zamagetsi, zotheka komanso zotuluka zimawerengedwa:

• Zojambula: zomwe zimadalira kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi
• Zotheka: chifukwa cha kutalika, kogwirizana ndi mulingo wolozera
• Kuyenda kapena kukakamiza: mphamvu yonyamulidwa ndi mamolekyulu amadzimadzi pamene akuyenda chitoliro. Onani chithunzi 9.

Mphamvu zonse zomwe madzimadzi amayenda ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya kuthamanga, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Malinga ndi Lamulo la Kusunga Mphamvu, mphamvu yamadzimadzi kudzera pa chitoliro ndiyofanana ndi polowera. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvuzo poyambira koyamba, polowera chitoliro, ndikofanana ndi mphamvu zonse potulutsa. [1]. Onani chithunzi 10.

Zovuta za Bernoulli Equation

• Ndizovomerezeka pamadzi osamvetsetseka.
• Silingaganizire zida zomwe zimawonjezera dongosolo.
• Kusintha kwa kutentha sikumaganiziridwa (muyeso loyambirira).
• Zomwe zili padziko lapansi sizimaganiziridwa (Palibe zotayika zotsutsana).

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Kubweretsa madzi pansi yachiwiri ya nyumbayo, amagwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chonga chomwe chikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi 11. Ndikofunika kuti, potulutsa chitoliro, chomwe chili pamtunda wa mita 3 kuchokera pansi, madziwo ali ndi liwiro la 5 m / s, ndi kuthamanga kofanana ndi 50.000 Pa. Kodi ndiyenera kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kotani komwe madzi amayenera kupopa? Pachifanizo 10 polowera madzi amadziwika ngati point 1 ndipo malo otulutsira madzi mu chitoliro chopapatiza ngati point 2.

Solution

Kuti mudziwe velocity v1, kupitiriza equation kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polowera chitoliro. Onani chithunzi 12.

Mgwirizano wa Bernoulli udzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kukakamira polowera P1, monga akuwonetsera chithunzi 13.

pozindikira Mfundo za Bernoulli

Mfundo ya Bernoulli imati, mumadzimadzi omwe amayenda, liwiro lake likamakulira, kutsika kwake kumachepetsa. Mphamvu zimasinthidwa nthawi iliyonse pomwe gawo la chitoliro limasintha.

Mgwirizanowu wa Bernoulli ndi chifukwa chokhazikitsa mphamvu zamagetsi zoyenda. Ikuti kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zomwe zingakhalepo, zimakhalabe zosasintha panjira yonse yamadzimadzi.

Mfundo imeneyi imakhala ndi ntchito zingapo monga kukweza ndege, kapena za munthu posambira, komanso pakupanga zida zoyendera madzi, pakati pa ena ambiri, kuphunzira kwake ndikumvetsetsa kwake ndikofunikira kwambiri.

REFERENCIAS

[1] Mott, Robert. (2006). Makina amadzimadzi. Kusindikiza kwa 6th. Maphunziro a Pearson
[2]
[3]