Sniffers: E ʻike i nā mea āpau e pili ana i kēia hāmeʻa Hacking

Ua lohe anei ʻoe i ka "Sniffers"? Inā makemake ʻoe i ka honua o ka hacking a me ka cybersecurity, ua loaʻa paha kēia huaʻōlelo i kou manaʻo. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana i nā sniffers, he aha lākou, kā lākou ʻano, pehea lākou e hana ai, a me nā hopena i loaʻa iā lākou no ka pūnaewele a me ka palekana ʻikepili.

E mākaukau e komo i loko o kēia ao hoʻohiwahiwa o ka hacking a aʻo pehea e pale aku ai i kāu mau ʻōnaehana mai nā mea nāwaliwali.

He aha ka sniffer?

ʻO Sniffer, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "protocol analyzer" a i ʻole "packet sniffer", he mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kahua o ka palekana kamepiula no ka hopu ʻana a me ke kālailai ʻana i ka hele ʻana o ka ʻikepili e holo nei ma kahi pūnaewele. ʻO kāna pahuhopu nui ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā paʻi ʻikepili i ka manawa maoli, e ʻae ana i nā mea hackers a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻoihana palekana e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻike o ka ʻike i hoʻouna ʻia ma waena o nā mea pili i ka pūnaewele.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o nā sniffers

Hoʻohana nā Sniffers ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka OSI (Open Systems Interconnection). e kālailai i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele. Hiki i kēia mau mea hana o nā ʻano like ʻole, nā lako lako a me nā lako polokalamu a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā ʻoihana palekana e ʻike i nā mea nāwaliwali i loko o kahi pūnaewele a i ʻole no ka nānā ʻana.

Nā ʻano mea honi

ʻO kahi sniffer, e like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, hiki ke lilo i lako polokalamu a i ʻole lako. Manaʻo ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua e hopu a nānā i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻikepili e neʻe ana ma o kahi pūnaewele, akā ʻokoʻa lākou i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokō ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.

E ʻike kākou i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi Software Sniffer a me kahi Hardware Sniffer:

Sniffer lako polokalamu

ʻO ka polokalamu sniffer he polokalamu kamepiula i hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi mea hana, e like me ka lolouila a i ʻole ke kikowaena, e hopu a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hele ʻana o ka pūnaewele. Hana kēia ʻano sniffer ma ka pae polokalamu a holo ma ka ʻōnaehana hana o ka mea.

I loko o Pono o ka Software Sniffer ʻike lākou he mea maʻalahi ke hoʻouka a hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā polokalamu i loaʻa. Hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i ka maʻalahi ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho pilikino a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a hoʻonui pinepine ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia me nā hiʻohiʻona hou.

Paʻa Lakoʻo Sniffer

He mea hana kino i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hopu ʻana a me ke kālailai ʻana i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele. Hoʻopili kino ʻia kēia mau mea i ka pūnaewele a hiki ke nānā i ke kaʻa i ka manawa maoli. Hiki i nā mea sniffers paʻakikī ke lilo i mau mea kū hoʻokahi a i ʻole he ʻāpana o nā mea paʻakikī, e like me nā mea ala ala a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi, e hiki ai i ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana o ka pūnaewele.

ka nā pono nui o kēia mea hana ʻO ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi kikoʻī piha a me ka kikoʻī o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pūnaewele me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hana o ka hāmeʻa i pili ai. Hiki iā ia ke hopu i ka ʻikepili i ka manawa maoli me ka ʻole o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hana a i ʻole nā ​​kumuwaiwai a he koho kūpono no nā pūnaewele nui a paʻakikī kahi e pono ai ka nānā mau ʻana.

He aha nā sniffers kaulana a hoʻohana ʻia?

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Sniffer

Ke nānā nei kēia ʻano sniffer i ka hopu ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻeke ʻikepili e pili ana i ka protocol resolution address (ARP). ʻO ARP ke kuleana no ka palapala ʻana i nā helu IP i nā helu MAC ma kahi pūnaewele kūloko.

Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi sniffer ARP, hiki i nā mea loiloi ke nānā i ka papa ARP a loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i nā IP a me nā helu MAC e pili ana i nā mea pili i ka pūnaewele. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia pili pili a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka make ʻana o ARP, kahi hoʻouka ʻino e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā kaʻa ʻole.

IP (Internet Protocol) Sniffer

Hoʻopili ka poʻe sniffer IP i ka hopu ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻeke ʻikepili e pili ana i ka protocol IP. Hiki i kēia mau sniffers ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike waiwai e pili ana i ke kaʻa ma waena o nā mea like ʻole a me nā pūnaewele, me nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ke kumu a me nā wahi IP address, ke ʻano o ka protocol i hoʻohana ʻia, a me ka ʻike i loko o nā ʻeke.

Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi sniffer IP, hiki i nā poʻe loea palekana ke ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻa kānalua a ʻike paha i nā mea hoʻoweliweli a me nā nāwaliwali ma ka pūnaewele.

MAC (Media Access Control) Sniffer

Ke nānā nei kēia ʻano sniffer i ka hopu ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻeke ʻikepili e pili ana i nā helu MAC o nā polokalamu ma kahi pūnaewele kūloko.

ʻO nā helu MAC he mau mea hōʻike kūʻokoʻa i hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā me kēia hāmeʻa pūnaewele, a hiki i nā sniffers MAC ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hana e hana nei ma ka pūnaewele, pehea lākou e kamaʻilio ai kekahi i kekahi, a inā aia nā mea ʻae ʻole.

Hiki ke hoʻohana pono kēia no ka nānā ʻana a me ka palekana ma nā pūnaewele Wi-Fi, kahi e kamaʻilio pololei ai nā polokalamu me kekahi.

Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā Sniffers

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, aia nā ʻano sniffers i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me kā lākou hana a me nā papa o ka hoʻohālike OSI kahi a lākou e hana ai:

1. Layer 2 sniffers: Ke nānā nei kēia mau mea hoʻoponopono i ka papa loulou data. Lawe lākou i nā kiʻi a me nā helu MAC. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e kālailai i nā ʻupena kūloko (LAN).
2. Layer 3 sniffers: Ke hana nei kēia mau mea ma ka papa pūnaewele. Ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻeke IP a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kumu a me nā helu IP e hele ai. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ka nānā ʻana i nā kaʻa ma nā pūnaewele nui e like me ka Pūnaewele.
3. Layer 4 sniffers: Ke nānā nei lākou i ka papa lawe. Hoʻopili lākou a wehe i nā ʻeke TCP a me UDP. Pono lākou no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā pilina a me ke kahe ʻana o ke kaʻa ma waena o nā noi.

Kāohi a me ka palekana i nā Sniffers

He mea koʻikoʻi ka pale ʻana i nā sniffers e mālama i ka pilikino a me ka palekana o ka ʻikepili ma kahi pūnaewele. ʻO kekahi mau hana kūpono:

• Hoʻopili ʻikepili: Hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā protocol encryption e like me SSL/TLS e hōʻoia i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻikepili i hoʻouna ʻia a ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi.
• Nā pā ahi a me ka ʻike komo ʻana: E hoʻolālā i nā pā ahi a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻike intrusion (IDS) e nānā i ka hele ʻana o ka pūnaewele a ʻike i ka hana hoʻohuoi.
• Nā mea hou a me nā pā: E hoʻomau i kāu mau polokalamu a me kāu polokalamu me nā mana hou loa a me nā pale palekana e pale ai i nā nāwaliwali.

Sniffers a me ka cybersecurity

ʻOiai ʻo nā sniffers he mea pono a pono hoʻi no ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā hana ʻino, e like me ka ʻaihue ʻana i ka ʻikepili pilikino a i ʻole nā ​​​​huaʻōlelo. Hiki i ka poʻe hacker ponoʻole ke hoʻohana i nā mea nāwaliwali i loko o kahi pūnaewele e hoʻohana i nā sniffers e loaʻa ai ka ʻike koʻikoʻi mai nā mea hoʻohana ʻole.