Kusho ukuthini i-Fatty Liver: Izimpawu nezincomo

Isibindi esinamafutha, esaziwa nangokuthi i-hepatic steatosis, yisimo sezokwelapha esivame ukwanda esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ibonakala ngokunqwabelana kwamafutha ngokweqile kumaseli esibindi, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni uma kungabhekwanga kahle.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kuyini, izimpawu zayo ezingenzeka kanye nezincomo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwayo. Kusukela kumthelela wayo othule kodwa obalulekile kuya kumasu endlela yokuphila angenza umehluko, ngena kulokhu kubuka okuphelele kwesimo esifanele ukunakwa okucophelelayo.

Siyini isibindi esinamafutha?

Kwenzeka uma kunamafutha amaningi esibindi. Kuvamile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela nabakhuluphele ngokweqile. Nakuba kungase kungazibangeli izimpawu eziphawulekayo, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo. Kubalulekile ukulungisa indlela yakho yokuphila ukuze uvimbele futhi uthuthukise lesi simo. Isibindi siyisitho esiyinhloko emzimbeni esibhekele ukucubungula ukudla kanye nezinto ezilahlwayo.

Isibindi esinempilo sinamafutha amancane kakhulu noma awanawo nhlobo. Uma uphuza kakhulu utshwala noma udla kakhulu, umzimba wakho uguqula amanye ama-calories abe ngamafutha. Lokhu kuqina kunqwabelana kuma-hepatocytes. Uma amafutha emelela ngaphezu kuka-5% kuya ku-10% wesisindo esiphelele sesibindi, unesibindi esinamafutha. Lesi simo siya ngokuya sivame kakhulu njengoba kukhuphuka ukusetshenziswa koshukela namafutha. Cishe oyedwa kwabathathu abantu abadala base-Australia uphethwe yiso.

Yiziphi izimpawu zesibindi esinamafutha?

Ngokuvamile, i-hepatic steatosis ayibonisi izimpawu ezisobala. Abantu abanezimpawu bangase:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ungaphathekile kahle
• Ukungakhululeki endaweni engaphezulu kwesokudla sesisu
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Izimpawu zokuthi ungase ube nesifo esibi kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Amehlo aphuzi nesikhumba (i-jaundice)
• Imihuzuko
• umchamo omnyama
• Isisu esivuvukile
• Ukuphalaza igazi
• indle emnyama
• isikhumba esilumayo

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune isiqondiso sezokwelapha.

Yiziphi izimbangela zesibindi esinamafutha?

Ngokuvamile kungenxa yenhlanganisela yezinto esikhathini eside.
Izizathu ezivame kakhulu zesibindi esinamafutha zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi eduze kwesisu (isisu)
• Uhlushwa uhlobo 2 sikashukela mellitus noma ukumelana ne-insulin
• Ukuba ne-cholesterol ephezulu noma i-triglycerides
• ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala

Ezinye izimbangela ezingajwayelekile kakhulu:

• i-thyroid engasebenzi
• imithi ethile
• Uhlushwa i-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Abanye abantu bangase baphathwe yiso ngenxa yezinkinga eziba khona ngasekupheleni kokukhulelwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesibindi esinamafutha:

• utshwala obunamafutha esibindi
• isibindi esinamafutha we-metabolic

Isifo esihlobene ne-metabolism wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sesibindi esinamafutha. Obeye aziwe njengo:

• I-non-alcohol hepatic steatosis

Lolu hlobo lokunqwabelana kwamafutha esibindi luwumphumela walokhu:

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Isibindi esinamafutha ahlobene notshwala

Okuhlobene notshwala kungenxa yokuphuza ngokweqile isikhathi eside. Usengozini yesifo sesibindi esinamafutha ahlobene notshwala uma:

1. Phuza iziphuzo ezijwayelekile ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 ngesonto
2. Ukuphuza ngokweqile (ngaphezu kweziphuzo ezijwayelekile ezi-4 ngosuku)

Lesi sifo sitholwa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga isibindi esinamafutha ngokukhuluma nawe kuqala bese ekuxilonga.
Ungase ucelwe ukuba uhlole igazi elibizwa ngokuthi i-liver function test. Ngayo impilo yesibindi sakho izohlolwa. Ungaphinda ucelwe ukuthi wenze iskena, isibonelo:

• i-ultrasound
• i-MRI

Uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi unesibindi esinamafutha, ungase udinge okunye ukuhlolwa ukuze uqhubeke ufunda ngempilo yakho. Kuye ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuthi ubone i-gastroenterologist (udokotela onguchwepheshe). Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uchwepheshe angase ahlele i-biopsy yesibindi ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa. Lokhu kuzobasiza futhi ukuthi bahlole ubulukhuni besifo.

Selashwa kanjani isibindi esinamafutha?

Azikho izidakamizwa ezitholakalayo ukwelapha isimo sesibindi esinamafutha. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukulungisa indlela yokuphila. Lokhu kungasithuthukisa isifo futhi kusihlehlise. Uma unesifo se-metabolic esihambisana nesibindi esinamafutha, cishe uzokwaziswa ukuthi:

1. Landela ukudla okunempilo futhi ugweme ushukela
2. Ukwehla kwesisindo
3. Zivocavoce njalo
4. Lawula ushukela wegazi
5. Yelapha i-cholesterol ephezulu uma unayo
6. Gwema imithi engathinta isibindi
7. Ungaphuzi utshwala noma uphuze kancane futhi uyeke ukubhema.

Uma isibindi esinamafutha sibangelwa utshwala, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ukuphuza. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukugula kwakho ukuthi kungabi kubi kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezokudla, utshwala noma uchwepheshe wokulutha izidakamizwa.

Ingabe lesi sifo singavinjelwa?

Indlela yokuvimbela isifo sesibindi esihlobene ne-metabolism ukulandela iseluleko sendlela yokuphila efanayo esinikezwa abantu asebevele benaso, okuhlanganisa:

1. Landela ukudla okunempilo okucebile izithelo nemifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele namafutha anempilo
2. Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
3. Ungaphuzi utshwala noma uphuze kancane kakhulu
4. Kunconywa ukwenza ukuvivinya umzimba izinsuku eziningi zesonto.
5. Uma ungazivocavoci njalo, khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Izinkinga zesifo sesibindi esinamafutha

Kubantu abaningi, isibindi esinamafutha sisodwa asibangeli izinkinga eziningi kakhulu ekuqaleni.
Kungase kube kubi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amafutha amaningi esibindini abangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, okugcina kuholela esikhumbeni (fibrosis) sesibindi. Kungase futhi kuholele ezifweni zesibindi eziyingozi kakhulu, njenge-cirrhosis noma umdlavuza wesibindi. Abanye abantu abane-cirrhosis eqinile yesibindi badinga ukufakelwa isibindi. Abantu abanalesi simo banengozi eyengeziwe yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.