Izimiso zeBERNOULLI- Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Usosayensi, uDaniel Bernoulli, wakhuliswa ngo-1738, umgomo obizwa ngegama lakhe, osungula ubudlelwano bejubane loketshezi nengcindezi elikuyo, lapho uketshezi luhamba. Uketshezi luvame ukwandisa ijubane labo emapayipini amancane.

Futhi kuphakamisa ukuthi, uma kuhamba uketshezi, amandla aguqulwa njalo lapho indawo enqamulelayo yepayipi iguquka, iveze iBernoulli Equation, ubudlelwano bezibalo phakathi kwezinhlobo zamandla ezivezwa uketshezi olushukunyiswayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesimiso seBernoulli kunezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zasendlini, ezentengiselwano nezimboni, njengama-chimneys, izifutho zokubulala izinambuzane, amamitha wokugeleza, amashubhu e-Venturi, ama-carburettors enjini, izinkomishi zokudonsa, ukuphakamisa izindiza, ama-ozonators amanzi, imishini yamazinyo, phakathi kwabanye. Kuyisisekelo sokutadisha i-hydrodynamics ne-fluid mechanics.

IMIBONO EYISISEKO ukuqonda Izimiso zikaBernoulli

NgibamemileAke sibheke indatshana ye- Ukushisa koMthetho kaJoule "Izicelo - Ukuzivocavoca"

Uketshezi:

Iqoqo lama-molecule asatshalaliswa ngokungahleliwe agcinwa ndawonye ngamabutho abuthakathaka ahlanganayo nangamandla enziwa yindonga yesitsha, ngaphandle kwevolumu echaziwe. Kokubili uketshezi namagesi kubhekwa njengoketshezi. Ekucwaningweni kokuziphatha koketshezi, kuvame ukwenziwa kocwaningo lwezimo zokuphumula (i-hydrostatic) namanzi anyakazayo (i-hydrodynamics). Bheka isithombe 1.

Sikumema ukuba ubone le ndatshana Izimiso ze-Thermodynamic

IMisa:

Linganisa i-inertia noma ukumelana nokushintsha ukunyakaza komzimba oketshezi. Kukalwa kwenani loketshezi, kukalwa ngo-kg.

Isisindo:

Amandla okudonswa ngawo uketshezi emhlabeni ngesenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Kukalwa ngo-N, lbm.ft / s².

Ubuningi:

Inani lobunzima ngevolumu yeyunithi yento ethile. Kukalwa nge kg / m³.

Ukugeleza:

Ivolumu ngeyunithi yesikhathi, ku-m3 / s.

Ingcindezi:

Inani lamandla atholakala endaweni yeyunithi yento ethile, noma ngaphezulu. Kukalwa ngePascal noma i-psi, phakathi kwamanye amayunithi.

I-viscosity:

Ukumelana noketshezi ukugeleza, ngenxa yokushayisana kwangaphakathi. Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, ukwehla kokugeleza. Ihlukahluka ngokucindezela nokushisa.

Umthetho Wokulondolozwa Kwezamandla:

Amandla awadalwa noma abhujiswe, aguqulwa abe olunye uhlobo lwamandla.

Ukuqhubeka kwesibalo:

Epayipini elinobubanzi obuhlukile, ngokugeleza okungaguquki, kunobudlelwano phakathi kwezindawo nejubane loketshezi. Ivelocities zilingana ngokuhlukile nezindawo ezinqamulelayo zepayipi. [1]. Bheka umfanekiso 2.

Isimiso sikaBernoulli

Isitatimende Somgomo KaBernoulli

Isimiso sikaBernoulli sisungula ubudlelwano phakathi kwesivinini nengcindezi yoketshezi oluhambayo. Isimiso sikaBernoulli sithi, lapho kuhamba uketshezi, njengoba ijubane loketshezi landa, ingcindezi iyancipha. Amaphuzu wejubane eliphakeme azoba nengcindezi encane. [amabili]. Bheka umfanekiso 2.

Lapho uketshezi ludlula epayipini, uma ipayipi linokwehliswa (ububanzi obuncane), uketshezi kufanele lukhuphule ijubane lalo ukugcina ukugeleza, nengcindezi yalo iyancipha. Bheka umfanekiso 4.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemigomo kaBernoulli

I-Carburetor:

Idivayisi, ezinjinini ezisebenzisa uphethiloli, lapho kuxutshwa khona umoya nophethiloli. Njengoba umoya udlula ku-valve mpintsha, ingcindezi yayo iyancipha. Ngalokhu kwehla kwengcindezi uphethiloli uqala ukugeleza, ngokucindezela okuphansi kangako uvuthisa futhi uhlangane nomoya. [3]. Bheka umfanekiso 5.

Izindiza:

Ngokundiza kwezindiza, amaphiko aklanyelwe ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla abizwa ngokuthi "lift", okwenza umehluko wokucindezela phakathi kwengxenye ephezulu nezansi yamaphiko. Ku-figure 6 ungabona omunye wemiklamo yamaphiko endiza. Umoya odlula ngaphansi kwephiko lendiza uthambekele ekuhlukaniseni ukudala ingcindezi enkulu, kanti umoya odlula phezu kwephiko uhamba ibanga elide nejubane elikhulu. Njengoba ingcindezi ephezulu ingaphansi kwephiko, kuba namandla okuphakamisa aqhubekisela phezulu iphiko.

Umshayeli wesikebhe:

Kuyinto esetshenziswa njengesihambisi emikhunjini. Iziphephela ziqukethe uchungechunge lwamabhande aklanyelwe ukuze kuthi lapho uphephela ujikeleza, kwenziwe umehluko wejubane phakathi kobuso bezinhlamvu, ngakho-ke umehluko wengcindezi (umphumela kaBernoulli). U-Al. Umehluko wengcindezi ukhiqiza amandla amakhulu, acishe afane nendiza kaphephela, ohambisa isikebhe. Bheka umfanekiso 7.

Ukubhukuda:

Uma uhambisa izandla zakho lapho ubhukuda, kunomehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwesundu nangemuva kwesandla. Entendeni yesandla, amanzi adlula ngejubane eliphansi kanye nengcindezi ephezulu (umthetho kaBernoulli), ovela “kumandla okuphakamisa” ancike kokwehluka kwengcindezi phakathi kwesundu nangemuva kwesandla. Bheka umfanekiso 8.

Isibalo somthetho kaBernoulli

Isibalo sikaBernoulli sivumela ukuhlaziya ngokwezibalo ukunyakaza kokuhamba. Umgomo kaBernoulli uvela, ngokwezibalo, ngokususelwa ekongweni kwamandla, okusungula ukuthi amandla awadalwa noma abhujiswe, aguqulwa abe olunye uhlobo lwamandla. Amandla we-Kinetic, okungenzeka nokugeleza abhekwa:

• I-Kinetics: okuya ngejubane nobukhulu boketshezi
• Okungenzeka: ngenxa yokuphakama, okuhlobene nezinga lesethenjwa
• Flow noma ingcindezi: amandla athwalwa ngama-molecule oketshezi lapho ehamba ngepayipi. Bheka umfanekiso 9.

Amandla aphelele okusetshenziswayo uketshezi isamba samandla engcindezi yokugeleza, amandla e-kinetic namandla angahle abe khona. Ngokomthetho Wokongiwa Kwezamandla, amandla oketshezi olutholakala ngepayipi alingana nokungena nokokungena. Isamba samandla endaweni yokuqala, lapho kufakwa khona ipayipi, silingana nenani lamandla asendaweni ephumayo. [1]. Bheka umfanekiso 10.

Izingqinamba zeBernoulli Equation

• Kusebenza kuphela kuketshezi olungaqondakali.
• Akucabangeli amadivayisi afaka amandla ohlelweni.
• Ukudluliswa kokushisa akubhekwa (ku-equation eyisisekelo).
• Izinto ezibonakalayo azicatshangelwa (Akukho ukulahleka kokungqubuzana).

Ukuzivocavoca

Ukuletha amanzi esitezi sesibili sendlu, ipayipi lisetshenziswa njengaleli eliboniswe kumfanekiso 11. Kuyafiswa ukuthi, ekuphumeni kwepayipi, elisemamitheni ama-3 ngaphezu komhlaba, amanzi anesivinini samamitha amahlanu / s, ngomfutho olingana no-5 50.000 Pa. Kumele kube yini isivinini nengcindezi lapho amanzi kufanele akhishwe khona? Ku-figure 10 ukungena kwamanzi kuphawulwe njengephoyinti 1 kanye nendawo yokuphuma kwamanzi epayipini elincane njengephuzu 2.

Isixazululo

Ukunquma i-velocity v1, i-equation equation isetshenziswa ekungeneni kwepayipi. Bheka umfanekiso 12.

Isibalo seBernoulli sizosetshenziselwa ukubala ingcindezi ethekwini P1, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumfanekiso 13.

Iziphetho Isimiso sikaBernoulli

Isimiso sikaBernoulli sithi, lapho kuhamba uketshezi, lapho ijubane lalo landa, kwehla ingcindezi elikuyo. Amandla aguqulwa njalo lapho indawo enqamulelayo yepayipi iguquka.

Isibalo sikaBernoulli siwumphumela wokongiwa kwamandla oketshezi olushukumayo. Ithi ingqikithi yengcindezi yoketshezi, amandla e-kinetic namandla angahle abe khona, ihlala ingaguquki kuyo yonke indlela yoketshezi.

Lo mgomo unokusetshenziswa okuningi njengokuphakanyiswa kwezindiza, noma komuntu lapho ebhukuda, kanye nasekwakhiweni kwemishini yokuhambisa uketshezi, phakathi kokunye okuningi, ukutadisha nokuqonda kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu.

REFERENCIAS

[1] UMott, uRobert. (2006). Imishini yamanzi. Uhlelo lwesi-6. Pearson Imfundo
[2]
[3]