Intshayelelo yoMthetho ka-Ohm:
Umthetho ka-Ohm Yindawo yokuqala yokuqonda iziseko ezisisiseko zombane. Ukusuka kule ndawo yokujonga kubalulekile ukuhlalutya ingxelo yoMthetho ka-Ohm ngendlela ebonakalayo yethiyori. Ngenxa yamava ethu ebaleni, uhlalutyo lwalo mthetho lude lusivumele ukuba senze iphupha lakhe nabaphi na abasebenzi abakule ndawo ukuba libe yinyaniso: sebenza kancinci kwaye senze okungakumbi, kuba xa utolike ngokuchanekileyo sinokubona kwaye sihlalutye iimpazamo zombane. Kulo lonke eli nqaku siza kuthetha ngokubaluleka kwalo, imvelaphi, ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo kunye nemfihlo yokuyiqonda ngcono.¿Ngubani ofumene umthetho ka-Ohm?
UGeorg simon ohm (Erlangen, Bavaria; Matshi 16, 1789-Munich, Julayi 6, 1854) wayengusosayensi waseJamani kunye nesazi semathematika owanika igalelo kumthetho ka-Ohm kwithiyori yombane. [1]. U-Ohm waziwa ngokufunda nokutolika ubudlelwane phakathi kobungakanani bamandla ombane, amandla ombane wezithuthi kunye nokumelana, eqala ngo-1827 umthetho ophethe igama lakhe othi Ndi = V / R. Iyunithi yokumelana nombane, i-ohm, ibizwa ngegama lakhe. [1] (jonga umfanekiso 1)
Uthini umthetho ka-Ohm?
La Umthetho ka-Ohm iseka: Ubunzulu bento edlula kwisekethe yombane ngokuthe ngqo kumandla ombane okanye ombane (umahluko onokubakho V) kunye nokuchasana ngokuthe ngqo kumbane wombane owubonisayo (jonga umzobo 2)Ukuqonda oko:
| Isixa | Uphawu lomthetho ka-Ohm | Icandelo lomlinganiso | Indima | Ukuba uyazibuza: |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuxinezeleka | E | IVolt (V) | Uxinzelelo olubangela ukuhamba kwee-electron | E = amandla e-electromotive okanye amandla ombane owenziweyo |
| Umsinga | I | I-Ampere (A) | Ubungakanani bangoku bombane | I = ubunzulu |
| Ukuchasa | R | Ohm (Ω) | i-flow inhibitor | Ω = unobumba wesiGrike omega |
- E= Ukwahlukana okunokwenzeka koMbane okanye amandla e-electromotive "ikota yesikolo esidala" (IiVolts "V").
- I= Ubunzulu bombane (Amperes “Amp.”)
- R= Ukunganyangeki koMbane (Ohms “Ω”)
Uthini umthetho ka-Ohm?
Lo ngomnye wemibuzo ebangela umdla abafundi bombane / elektroniki kumanqanaba okuqala abazibuza yona, apho sicebisa ukuba siyiqonde kakuhle ngaphambi kokuqhubeka okanye ukuqhubela phambili nesinye isihloko. Siza kuyihlalutya inyathelo ngenyathelo: Ukumelana nombane: Kukuchasana nokuhamba kombane ngokuqhutywa ngumqhubi. Ugesi: Kukuhamba kwentlawulo yombane (ii-elektroni) eziqhutywa ngumqhubi okanye isixhobo. Ukuhamba kwexesha langoku lixabiso lentlawulo ngeyunithi yexesha, iyunithi yokulinganisa yi-Ampere (Amp). Umahluko onokubakho ngombane: Ubungakanani bomzimba obulinganisa umahluko kumandla ombane phakathi kwamanqaku amabini. Inokuchazwa njengomsebenzi ngeyunithi ehlawulwayo eyenziwe yintsimi yombane kwiqhekeza elihlawulisiweyo ukuyihambisa phakathi kwezikhundla ezibini ezimiselweyo. Iyunithi yokulinganisa yiVolt (V).Isiphelo
Umthetho ka-Ohm Sesona sixhobo sibaluleke kakhulu kwizifundo zemijikelezo yombane kunye nesiseko esisisiseko kwizifundo zoMbane nezifundo ze-Elektroniki kuwo onke amanqanaba. Ixesha lokunikezela uhlalutyo lwalo, kule meko liphuhlisiwe kweli nqaku (kugqithiso lwayo), kubalulekile ukuqonda nokuhlalutya iimfihlo zokusombulula.
Apho sinokugqiba ngokuhlalutya koMthetho ka-Ohm:
- Ukuphakama umahluko onokubakho (V) kunye nokwehlisa ukuxhathisa (Ω): Okukhona kukho amandla amakhulu ombane (Amp).
- Ezantsi umahluko onokubakho (V) kunye nokumelana okuphezulu (Ω): Amandla amancinci amancinci ombane (Amp).
Ukuzivocavoca ukuqonda kunye nokubeka uMthetho we-Ohm ekusebenzeni
Ukuzivocavoca 1
Ukufaka isicelo Umthetho ka-Ohm Kwisekethe elandelayo (umzobo 3) kunye nokumelana ne-R1 = 10 Ω kunye nokwahlukana okunokwenzeka E1 = 12V usebenzisa umthetho we-Ohm, umphumo uthi: I = E1 / R1 I = 12V / 10 Ω I = 1.2 Amp.
Uhlalutyo loMthetho ka-Ohm (Umzekelo 1)
Ukuhlalutya umthetho ka-Ohm siza kuhamba siye kwi-Kerepakupai Merú okanye i-Angel Falls (iKerepakupai Merú kulwimi lwasekhaya lwasePemón, elithetha "ukutsiba usuka kweyona ndawo inzulu"), yeyona ndawo iphakame kakhulu emhlabeni, ine-979 m ukuphakama (807 m yokuwa okungaphazanyiswa), kwavela eAuyantepuy. Ime kwiPaka yeSizwe yaseCanaima, eBolívar, eVenezuela [2]. (jonga umfanekiso 4)
- Ukuphakama kweCascade njengomahluko onokubakho.
- Imiqobo yamanzi ekwindla njengoxinzelelo.
- Umgangatho wokuhamba kwamanzi weCascade njengamandla oMbane wangoku
Ukuzivocavoca 2:
Ngokulinganayo ngokulinganayo siqikelela isekethe umzekelo kumzobo 5:
Uhlalutyo loMthetho ka-Ohm (Umzekelo 2)
Ngoku kolu manyano, umzekelo, ukuba sihamba kwenye ingxangxasi umzekelo: Iguazú Falls, kumda ophakathi kweBrazil neArgentina, eGuaraní Iguazú lithetha "amanzi amakhulu", kwaye ligama lokuba abemi bomthonyama ICone yaseMelika banike umlambo owondla iingxangxasi ezinkulu eLatin America, enye yezimanga zehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, kwihlobo lakutshanje babenengxaki ngokuhamba kwamanzi. [3] (jonga umfanekiso 6)
Ukuzivocavoca 3:
Apho sithatha khona olu hlalutyo lubonakalayo yi-E1 = 100V kunye ne-R1 = 1000 Ω (jonga umfanekiso 7) Ndi = E1 / R1 Ndi = 100V / 1000 Ω Ndi = 0.1 Amp.
Uhlalutyo loMthetho ka-Ohm (Umzekelo 3)
Kulo mzekelo, abanye abafundi bethu banokubuza, kwaye yintoni uhlalutyo ukuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo kwi-waterfall yase-Iguazú ziphucula (esithemba ukuba kuya kuba njalo, ukukhumbula ukuba yonke into kwindalo kufuneka ibe nokulinganisela). Kuhlalutyo lwenyani, sicinga ukuba ukuchasana komhlaba (kwindlela yokuhamba) kwithiyori yinto engaguqukiyo, i-E iya kuba ngumahluko onokuthi uqokelelwe phezulu onokuthi ube khona apho ngenxa yoko siya kuba nokuhamba okungaphezulu okanye kuthelekiso lwethu lwangoku lwangoku (I. ), inokuba ngumzekelo: (jonga umfanekiso 8)
Ukuzivocavoca 4:
Ngokomthetho ka-Ohm, ukuba sonyusa umahluko onokubakho okanye siqokelele amandla awo e-electromotive ngaphezulu, ukugcina ukumelana rhoqo ne-E1 = 700V kunye ne-R1 = 1000 Ω (jonga umfanekiso 9)- Ndi = E1 / R1
- Ndi = 700V / 1000 Ω
- Ndi = 0.7 Amp
Ukuhlalutya umthetho ka-Ohm ukuqonda iimfihlo zawo
Xa uqala ukufunda umthetho ka-Ohm, abaninzi bayazibuza, kutheni umthetho olula kangaka unokuba nazo naziphi na iimfihlo? Ngokwenyani akukho mfihlo ukuba siyayihlalutya ngokweenkcukacha kwiziphelo zayo. Ngamanye amagama, ukungawuhlalutyi ngokuchanekileyo umthetho, umzekelo, kunokusenza ukuba siqhawule isekethe yombane (ngokwenza, isixhobo nakwinqanaba lemizi-mveliso) xa inokuba yintambo eyonakeleyo okanye isinxibelelanisi. Siza kuhlalutya imeko ngetyala:Ityala 1 (Isekethe evulekileyo):
- Ndi = E1 / R
- Ndi = 10V / ∞ Ω
Ityala 2 (Ukujikeleza kufutshane):
- Ndi = E1 / R
- Ndi = 10V / 0 Ω
Ityala lesi-3 (uqhagamshelo okanye ukusilela kwentambo)
Ukuba siyoyika kwisekethe yombane umthombo wamandla E1 = 10V kunye neR1 = 10 Ω kufuneka sibenomthetho ka-Ohm;Ukuzivocavoca 5:
- Ndi = E1 / R1
- Ndi = 10V / 10 Ω
- Ndi = 1 Amp
- VR1 = Ndi x R1
- Apho ndi = 0 Amp
- Soyika iVR1 = 0 Amp x 10 Ω = 0V
Ngoku ukuba sibeka i-voltmeter ngokuhambelana nocingo olonakeleyo siya kuba namandla ombane, ngoba?
Ukusukela mna = 0 Amp, ukumelana ne-R1 (ayinakuphikisana nombane owenza umhlaba oqinisekileyo) njengoko sele sihlalutye i-VR1 = 0V Ngoko sinekhebula eyonakalisiweyo (kule meko) i-Voltage yokunikezelwa kwamandla.- V (ucingo olonakeleyo) = E1 - VR1
- V (ucingo olonakeleyo) = 10 V - 0 V = 10V
Ingakukhonza:
- Amandla oMthetho weWatt
- Amandla oMthetho weKIRCHHOFF
- Umthetho kaJoule, ngokwenza umthambo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo.
Izalathiso:[1] [2] [3]