Imiceli mngeni ephambili yesayensi yedatha ngo-2024

Isayensi yedatha iguqula ngokukhawuleza imeko yeshishini, ivumela iinkampani ukuba zenze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi kwaye ziqonde abathengi bazo ngcono. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ngo-2022, imarike yehlabathi yezixhobo zedatha kunye namaqonga aya kuba sele efikelele kwi-128.000 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.

Nangona kunjalo, ukudibanisa isayensi yedatha kwinkcubeko yenkampani yinkqubo enzima ehambelana nobunzima obuninzi. Makhe sihlolisise imiceli mngeni ephambili abaya kujongana nayo iingcali zedatha ngo-2024 kwaye sihlalutye izisombululo ezinokubakho.

Yintoni inzululwazi yedatha?

Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, injongo yesayensi yedatha kukukhupha ulwazi oluluncedo kwidatha ukunceda amashishini afezekise iinjongo zawo. Umsebenzi wenzululwazi yedatha Isenokubandakanya ukwenza ngcono imikhankaso yokuthengisa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukuphucula amava omthengi, okanye ukusungula iimveliso ezintsha kunye neenkonzo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi yedatha yahluke kakhulu. Nantsi eminye imizekelo:

• Uhlalutyo lweshishini: ulwahlulo lwabathengi, uqikelelo lwemfuno, ukuchongwa kwezinto ze-churn, izibonelelo zomntu.
• Ukuthengisa: ukuvavanywa kokusebenza kwamaphulo okuthengisa, ukulungiswa kwamaxabiso kunye nokunyuswa, kunye nokuqikelelwa kweentsingiselo zabathengi.
• Ukuvelisa: ukugcinwa kwezixhobo ezixelwe kwangaphambili, ukulungiswa kwekhonkco lokubonelela, ukulawula umgangatho wemveliso.
• Ukhathalelo lwempilo: ukusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso yezonyango, uphuhliso lweziyobisi, unyango olulolwakho olusekwe kwidatha yemfuza.
• Ubume bedolophu: Uqikelelo lwendlela, ukwenziwa ngcono kwemisebenzi yeenkonzo zikamasipala, ukufumanisa ulwakhiwo olungekho mthethweni kusetyenziswa imifanekiso yesathelayithi.

Olu luhlu lunokwandiswa ngokungenasiphelo. Ngokusisiseko, iindlela zesayensi yedatha zisebenza kuyo nayiphi na intsimi enedatha eyaneleyo yokuhlalutya.

Yeyiphi imingeni abajongene nayo iingcali zenzululwazi yedatha?

Ukusebenza ngedatha kudla ngokubandakanya ezi zigaba zilandelayo:

1. Inkcazo yengxaki yeshishini.
2. Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nolungiselelo.
3. Uhlalutyo lwedatha yokuhlola.
4. Ukudalwa kunye novavanyo lweemodeli ezixelwe kwangaphambili.
5. Ukusasazwa kweemodeli kwiinkqubo zoshishino.
6. Ukubeka iliso kunye nohlengahlengiso lweemodeli.

Kwinqanaba ngalinye kula, izazinzulu zedatha zinokuhlangabezana nemingeni ethile.

Okokuqala, kukho imingeni yedatha. Ulwazi luhlala lugcinwa kwiisistim ezahlukeneyo, iifomathi kunye namanqanaba obumbudumbudu. Idatha isenokuba ayiphelelanga, iphelelwe lixesha, okanye iqulathe iimpazamo. Ngoko ke, izazinzulu zedatha zichitha ixesha elininzi (ukuya kwi-80% ngoqikelelo oluthile) ukuqokelela, ukucoca, nokulungiselela idatha. Izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ezisebenzisa iindlela zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ngokuyinxenye ziyisombulula le ngxaki. Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukuseka iinkqubo zentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela enkampani ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wedatha kunye nokuthembeka.

Ingxaki yesibini eqhelekileyo kukubandakanyeka kweshishini okungonelanga. Ngamanye amaxesha izicelo zeyunithi yeshishini zenziwe ngokungacacanga kwaye aziqhagamshelwanga kwiiparamitha ezinokulinganiswa. Ngenxa yoko, imodeli yeML eyakhiwe ngokugqibeleleyo ayinakwenzeka ekusebenzeni. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuchaza indlela yempumelelo yeprojekthi kwasekuqaleni kwaye ibandakanye onke amaqela anomdla kwingxoxo yabo. Iideshibhodi kunye nezixhobo zokubonisa idatha zizixhobo ezisebenzayo zokuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwabahlalutyi kunye nenkampani.

Imiceli mngeni inokuvela ngexesha lesigaba sokusasazwa kwemodeli. Ukudibanisa i-algorithms eqikelelwayo kwisiseko se-IT ekhoyo yenkampani ngumsebenzi wobunjineli ongeyonto encinci. Iimodeli zokufunda ngoomatshini zifuna ukubekwa esweni rhoqo kunye nohlaziyo kuba iipateni zedatha zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kubalulekile ukufumana ibhalansi phakathi kokuguquguquka kwemodeli, ubumfihlo bedatha, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko.

Okokugqibela, ucelomngeni olukhulu kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo. Iinkampani zifuna iingcaphephe ezizazi kakuhle iindlela zale mihla zokuhlalutya idatha, zinobuchule bokucwangcisa, kwaye zinezakhono zokusombulula iingxaki zoshishino. Azikho iingcali ezininzi ngolu hlobo kwimarike. Ukwenza amaqela asebenza ngokunqamlezileyo akhiwe ngabahlalutyi, iinjineli, kunye nabameli beenkampani yenye yeendlela zokuvala esi sikhewu.

Indlela yokufikelela ngokuchanekileyo ekusombululeni iingxaki zenzululwazi yedatha?

Ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho iresiphi enye kuzo zonke iimeko. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu zedatha ezinamava zilandela le ndlela:

1. Qonda umxholo weshishini: Phambi kokuphonononga kwidatha, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo ubunzima, xoxa ngesiphumo esifunwayo kunye nomxhasi, kwaye uchaze iindlela zokuphumelela.
2. Uhlalutyo lwedatha yokuhlola (EDA): Kule nqanaba, idatha iphononongwa, icocwe kwaye ibonakaliswe. Injongo kukuqulunqa iingqikelelo zokuqala kunye nokufumana ukuqonda ngokubanzi iipateni kwidatha.
3. Ukwakhiwa kwemodeli yereferensi: Phambi kokuzama i-algorithms entsonkothileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wakhe imodeli elula kwaye uvavanye umgangatho wayo. Oku kunceda ukuqonda ukuba kukho umqondiso kwidatha kunye nokuba yintoni imodeli yexesha elizayo enokuthelekiswa nayo.
4. Ubunjineli kunye nokukhethwa kweempawu: Esinye sezigaba eziphambili ezimisela ubukhulu becala impumelelo yeprojekthi. Ukukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kweempawu kwahlula inzululwazi yedatha efanelekileyo ukusuka kwi-mediocre one.
5. Ukukhetha imodeli kunye nokulungiswa: Kubalulekile ukuvavanya ii-algorithms ezahlukeneyo, ukulungelelanisa iiparamitha zabo kunye nokuvavanya umgangatho ngokuqinisekiswa okunqamlezayo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba imodeli ayifakwanga ngokugqithisileyo.
6. Ukuhambisa imodeli kwimveliso: Ukuhambisa imodeli sisihloko esahlukileyo nesibalulekileyo esifuna intsebenziswano kunye neenjineli zedatha, abadwelisi beprogram, kunye ne-DevOps. Bamele baqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokuthembekileyo komzekelo kwiimeko zangempela.
7. Ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kunye nohlaziyo lwemodeli: Imifuziselo yesayensi yedatha ayizozinto zakudala ezingatshintshiyo, kodwa ngamaqumrhu “aphilayo” umsebenzi wawo unokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kubalulekile ukuwabeka esweni kwaye uqeqeshe kwakhona iimodeli ngedatha entsha ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ukongeza, iingcali zesayensi yedatha kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo kakhulu imiba yokuziphatha kunye nemfihlo enxulumene nohlalutyo lwedatha. Ukusetyenziswa kwedatha yomntu akufanele kuphule amalungelo oluntu. Iimodeli akufuneki zicalule amaqela athile abantu. Zonke iziphumo zokuhlalutya kufuneka zichazwe kwaye zichazwe: izisombululo zebhokisi ezimnyama azifanelekanga ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo.

Isiphelo

Imingeni ephambili yesayensi yedatha kwi-2024 iya kuhambelana nomgangatho wedatha, unxibelelwano kunye nenkampani, ukuhlanganiswa kweemodeli kwisiseko se-IT kunye nokukhangela ukulingana phakathi kokuchaneka kokubikezela kunye nokusetyenziswa kokuziphatha. Ngaphaya koko, umda weendlela zesayensi yedatha uya kukhula rhoqo njengoko idatha eninzi ifumaneka kwaye izixhobo zokuyiqhuba zifikeleleka ngakumbi.

Ukuphumelela kwezi meko, iingcali zenzululwazi yedatha kufuneka

1. Phuhlisa iindlela zokucinga nokuqonda iimfuno zoshishino.
2. Qhubeka ufunda kwaye ulawule iindlela ezintsha kunye nezixhobo.
3. Ukuseka unxibelelwano neengcali kwiinkalo ezinxulumeneyo.
4. Hlonipha imigaqo yokuziphatha xa usebenza neenkcukacha.

Kungale ndlela kuphela apho inzululwazi yedatha inokuthi ibe yi-asethi exabisekileyo kuzo zombini iinkampani kunye noluntu luphela. Nangona le ndlela ingekho lula, umvuzo ufanelekile.