Kodi LAMULO LA OHM ndi chiyani? ➡️ Phunzirani ZOsavuta ndi Zolimbitsa Thupi

Kuyamba kwa Lamulo la Ohm:

Lamulo la Ohm Ndiye poyambira kumvetsetsa maziko amagetsi. Kuchokera pano ndikofunikira kusanthula mawu a Lamulo la Ohm m'njira yongopeka. Chifukwa cha zomwe takumana nazo pantchito, kuwunika kwa lamuloli kumatipatsanso mwayi woti maloto a aliyense waluso m'derali akwaniritsidwe: ntchito zochepa ndi kuchita zambiri, popeza ndi kutanthauzira kolondola titha kuzindikira ndikusanthula zolakwika zamagetsi. Munkhani yonseyi tiona zakufunika kwake, komwe adachokera, kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ndi chinsinsi kuti mumvetsetse.

¿Ndani adapeza lamulo la Ohm?

Georg simon ohm (Erlangen, Bavaria; Marichi 16, 1789-Munich, Julayi 6, 1854) anali wasayansi waku Germany komanso wamasamu yemwe adapereka lamulo la Ohm pamalingaliro amagetsi. [1]. Ohm amadziwika pakuphunzira ndi kutanthauzira ubale womwe ulipo pakati pamagetsi amagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi kukana, ndikupanga mu 1827 lamulo lomwe limadziwika ndi dzina lake lomwe limanena kuti Ine = V / R. Gulu lamagetsi lamagetsi, ohm, limadziwika ndi dzina lake. [1] (onani chithunzi 1)

Georg Simon Ohm ndi lamulo lake la Ohm (citeia.com) — Chithunzi 1 Georg Simon Ohm ndi malamulo a Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Kodi lamulo la Ohm likuti chiyani?

La Lamulo la Ohm Kukhazikitsa: Mphamvu yazomwe zimadutsa pamagetsi zamagetsi ndizofanana molingana ndi magetsi kapena magetsi (kusiyanasiyana komwe kungakhaleko V) komanso molingana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imawonekera (onani chithunzi 2)

Kumvetsa izi:

Zambiri	Chizindikiro cha lamulo la Ohm	Chiyeso cha muyeso	Udindo	Ngati mukuganiza kuti:
Kusokonezeka	E	Mphamvu yamagetsi (V)	Kupanikizika komwe kumayambitsa ma electron	E = mphamvu ya electromotive kapena mphamvu yamagetsi
Mtsinje	I	Ampere (A)	Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi	I = mphamvu
Kutsutsana	R	Omwe (Ω)	flow inhibitor	Ω = chilembo chachi Greek omega

E= Kusiyana kwa Mphamvu Zamagetsi kapena mphamvu ya electromotive "nthawi yakale ya sukulu" (Volts "V").
I= Kuchuluka kwa magetsi (Amperes "Amp.")
R= Kukaniza Magetsi (Ohms “Ω”)

Chithunzi 2; Njira ya Law ya Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Lamulo la Ohm ndi lotani?

Ili ndi limodzi mwamafunso osangalatsa omwe ophunzira amagetsi / zamagetsi am'magulu oyamba amadzifunsa, pomwe tikuwonetsa kuti mukumvetsetsa bwino musanapitilize kapena kupita patsogolo ndi mutu wina. Tiyeni tiwunike pang'onopang'ono: Kukaniza kwamagetsi: Ndikutsutsana ndi kuyenda kwa magetsi kudzera mwa wochititsa. Mphamvu yamagetsi: Ndikutuluka kwamagetsi yamagetsi (ma elekitironi) omwe amayendetsa kondakitala kapena zinthu. Kuyenda kwaposachedwa ndikulipiritsa kwakanthawi kake, muyeso wake ndi Ampere (Amp). Kusiyana kwamagetsi: Kuchuluka kwakuthupi komwe kumatsimikizira kusiyanasiyana kwamagetsi pakati pama mfundo awiri. Itha kutanthauzidwanso kuti ntchito yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi pamagetsi omwe amayendetsedwa kuti ayendetse pakati pamaudindo awiri. Chigawo chake choyezera ndi Volt (V).

Pomaliza

Lamulo la Ohm Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuwerengera mabwalo amagetsi komanso maziko ofunikira a maphunziro a ntchito za Electricity ndi Electronics pamagawo onse. Kupatula nthawi pakuwunika kwake, munkhaniyi yomwe idapangidwa m'nkhaniyi (pazovuta zake), ndikofunikira kuti timvetsetse ndikusanthula zinsinsi zazovuta.

Komwe tikhoza kumaliza malinga ndi kusanthula kwa Lamulo la Ohm:

Kukweza kwakukulu komwe kungachitike (V) ndikutsitsa kutsutsana (Ω): Kukula kwamphamvu kwamagetsi (Amp).
Kusiyana kocheperako (V) ndi kukana kwakukulu (Ω): Kuchepa kwamagetsi amagetsi (Amp).

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi kuti mumvetsetse ndikugwiritsa ntchito Lamulo la Ohm

Zolimbitsa thupi za 1
Zolimbitsa thupi za 2
Zolimbitsa thupi za 3
Zolimbitsa thupi za 4
Zolimbitsa thupi za 5

Zolimbitsa thupi za 1

Kugwiritsa ntchito Lamulo la Ohm Mu dera lotsatira (chithunzi 3) ndi kukana R1 = 10 Ω ndi kuthekera kusiyana E1 = 12V kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Ohm, zotsatira zake ndi: I = E1/R1 I = 12V/10 Ω I = 1.2 Amp.

Dera loyambira lamagetsi — Chithunzi 3 Makina oyambira amagetsi (https://citeia.com)

Kusanthula Malamulo a Ohm (Mwachitsanzo 1)

Pofufuza malamulo a Ohm tikupita ku Kerepakupai Merú kapena Angel Falls (Kerepakupai Merú mchilankhulo cha makolo achi Pemón, chomwe chimatanthauza "kulumpha kuchokera kumalo akuya kwambiri"), ndi mathithi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi, okhala ndi kutalika kwa 979 m (807 m yakugwa mosadodometsedwa), idachokera ku Auyantepuy. Ili ku Kanaima National Park, Bolívar, Venezuela [2]. (onani chithunzi 4)

kuyerekezera kulumpha kwa mngelo ndi lamulo la Ohm — Chithunzi 4. Kusanthula Chilamulo cha Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Ngati tingaganizire bwino tione Lamulo la Ohm, kupanga malingaliro otsatirawa:

Kutalika kwakanthawi monga kusiyana komwe kungachitike.
Zopinga zamadzi kugwa ngati kukana.
Mlingo Woyenda Mumadzi Wophulika monga Mphamvu Yamagetsi Yamakono

Zochita 2:

Mofananamo timayesa dera mwachitsanzo kuchokera pa chithunzi 5:

Kusanthula malamulo a Ohm — Chithunzi 5 Kuwunika kwa gawo la Ohm 1 (https://citeia.com)

Kumene E1= 979V ndi R1=100 Ω I=E1/R1 I= 979V/100 Ω I= 9.79 Amp.

citeia.com

Kusanthula Malamulo a Ohm (Mwachitsanzo 2)

Tsopano mu virtualization izi, mwachitsanzo, ngati ife kusamukira ku mathithi ena Mwachitsanzo: Iguazú Falls, m'malire a Brazil ndi Argentina, mu Guaraní Iguazú amatanthauza "madzi aakulu", ndipo ndi dzina kuti mbadwa anthu okhala ku Southern Cone wa ku America anapereka mtsinje umene umadyetsa mathithi aakulu kwambiri ku Latin America, chimodzi mwa zodabwitsa za padziko lapansi. Komabe, m’chilimwe chaposachedwapa akhala ndi vuto la kuyenda kwa madzi.[3] (onani chithunzi 6)

Mathithi a Iguazu akufanana ndi lamulo la ohm — Chithunzi 6 Kusanthula Lamulo la Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Zochita 3:

Komwe timaganiza kuti kusanthula uku ndi E1 = 100V ndi R1 = 1000 Ω (onani chithunzi 7) INE = E1 / R1 Ine = 100V / 1000 Ω Ndine = 0.1 Amp.

Kusanthula kwamalamulo a Ohm 2 — Chithunzi 7 Kuwunika kwa lamulo la Ohm 2 (https://citeia.com)

Kusanthula Malamulo a Ohm (Mwachitsanzo 3)

Kwa chitsanzo ichi, ena mwa owerenga athu angafunse, ndipo kusanthula ndi chiyani ngati zochitika zachilengedwe mu mathithi a Iguazú zikuyenda bwino (zomwe tikuyembekeza kuti zidzakhala choncho, kukumbukira kuti chirichonse m'chilengedwe chiyenera kukhala ndi malire). Pakuwunika kwenikweni, timaganiza kuti kukana kwapansi (kudutsa kwa kuyenda) m'lingaliro kumakhala kosalekeza, E kungakhale kusiyana komwe kungathe kumtunda kumene chifukwa chake tidzakhala ndi kutuluka kwakukulu kapena poyerekeza mphamvu zathu zamakono (I. ), zingakhale mwachitsanzo: (onani chithunzi 8)

kuyerekeza ndi mathithi amadzi a Iguazú ndi a Ohm — chithunzi 8 kuwunika kwamalamulo a Ohm 3 (https://citeia.com)

citeia.com

Zochita 4:

Malinga ndi lamulo la Ohm, ngati tiwonjezera kusiyana komwe kungachitike kapena kuwonjezerapo mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, kupititsa patsogolo kukana E1 = 700V ndi R1 = 1000 Ω (onani chithunzi 9)

INE = E1 / R1
Ine = 700V / 1000 Ω
Ndine = 0.7 Amp

Tikuwona kuti kuchuluka kwamphamvu (Amp) mdera kukuwonjezeka.

gawo lamagetsi — Chithunzi 9 Kuwunika kwamalamulo a Ohm 4 (https://citeia.com)

Kusanthula Lamulo la Ohm kuti timvetse zinsinsi zake

Munthu akayamba kuphunzira malamulo a Ohm, ambiri amadabwa kuti lamulo losavuta ngati limeneli lingakhale ndi zinsinsi? Kwenikweni palibe chinsinsi ngati tiusanthula mwatsatanetsatane monyanyira. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kusasanthula malamulo molondola kungathe, mwachitsanzo, kutipangitsa kuti tisawononge dera lamagetsi (kaya muzochita, mu chipangizo, ngakhale pamlingo wa mafakitale) pamene chitha kukhala chingwe chowonongeka kapena cholumikizira. Tikuwunika mlanduwu:

Mlanduwu 1 (Open circuit):

kusanthula kwa magetsi otseguka — Chithunzi 10 Tsegulani dera lamagetsi (https://citeia.com)

Ngati tilingalira za dera 10, malinga ndi lamulo la Ohm magetsi E1 = 10V ndipo kukana kwake pankhaniyi ndi insulator (mpweya) womwe umakhala wopanda malire ∞. Ndiye tili ndi:

INE = E1 / R
Ine = 10V / ∞ Ω

Komwe pano kumakhala 0 Amp.

Mlanduwu 2 (Dera lalifupi):

kusanthula kwa dera lamagetsi lalifupi — Chithunzi 11 Mzere wamagetsi mufupikitsa (https://citeia.com)

Pachifukwa ichi (chithunzi 11) magetsi ndi E = 10V, koma wotsutsa ndi kondakitala yemwe m'lingaliro lake ali ndi 0Ω, kotero pamenepa kungakhale dera lalifupi.

INE = E1 / R
Ine = 10V / 0 Ω

Pomwe malingaliro azomwe amakhala amakhala opanda malire (∞) Amp. Zomwe zingakhumudwitse chitetezo (mafyuzi), ngakhale pulogalamu yathu yoyeserera idadzetsa ma alarm ndi ma alarm. Ngakhale kwenikweni mabatire amakono ali ndi chitetezo komanso malire apano, tikupangira owerenga athu kuti awone kulumikizana ndikupewa maseketi afupikitsa (mabatire, ngati chitetezo chawo chitha, chitha kuphulika "Chenjezo").

Mlanduwu 3 (kulumikiza kapena kulephera kwa waya)

Ngati timaopa pamagetsi magetsi magetsi E1 = 10V ndi R1 = 10 Ω tiyenera kukhala ndi lamulo la Ohm;

Zochita 5:

INE = E1 / R1
Ine = 10V / 10 Ω
Ndine = 1 Amp

Tsopano tikuganiza kuti mdera lathu tili ndi vuto chifukwa cha waya (waya wosweka mkati kapena wosweka) kapena kulumikizana koyipa, mwachitsanzo, chithunzi 12.

wosweka waya vuto dera — Chithunzi 12 Circuit with Internally Split Waya Fault (https://citeia.com)

Monga tafotokozera kale ndi zotseguka zotseguka, wowongolera wowonongeka kapena wosweka adzakhala ndi machitidwe omwewo. Mphamvu yamagetsi = 0 Amp. Koma ndikakufunsani kuti ndi gawo liti (chithunzi 13) lomwe A kapena B lawonongeka? ndipo angadziwe bwanji?

Kusanthula kapena kuwonongeka kwa mawaya oyenda — Chithunzi 13 Kusanthula kwa dera ndi chingwe chowonongeka kapena chosweka mkati (https://citeia.com)

Zachidziwikire yankho lanu likhale, tiyeni tiwone kupitilira ndikungodziwa kuti ndi chingwe chiti chomwe chawonongeka (chifukwa chake tiyenera kudumphadumpha ndi kuzimitsa magetsi a E1), koma pakuwunika uku tilingalira kuti gwero silingakhale anazimitsa kapena sanatchule zolumikizira zilizonse, tsopano kusanthula kumakhala kosangalatsa? Njira imodzi ndikuyika voltmeter mofanana ndi dera monga chithunzi 14

Kusanthula Kwadongosolo Pazolakwika Pogwiritsa Ntchito Lamulo la Ohm — Chithunzi 14 Kusanthula Kwamaulendo Olakwika (https://citeia.com)

Ngati gwero likugwira ntchito, voltmeter iyenera kuyika Voltage yosasintha pakadali pano 10V.

Kusanthula zolakwika zamagetsi ndi lamulo la Ohm — Chithunzi 15 Kusanthula Kwamaulendo Olakwika ndi Lamulo la Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Tikaika voltmeter mofanana ndi Resistor R1, voliyumu ndi 0V ngati titaisanthula Lamulo la Ohm Tili:

VR1 = Ine x R1
Komwe ine = 0 Amp
Timaopa VR1 = 0 Amp x 10 Ω = 0V

kusanthula cholakwika cha zingwe ndi lamulo la Ohm — Chithunzi 16 kusanthula vuto la waya ndi lamulo la Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Tsopano ngati titha kuyika voltmeter mofanana ndi waya wowonongeka tidzakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, chifukwa chiyani?

Popeza I = 0 Amp, kukana R1 (ilibe chotsutsana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yopanga dziko lapansi) monga tasanthula kale VR1 = 0V Kotero tili ndi chingwe chowonongeka (pankhaniyi) Voltage ya magetsi.

V (waya wowonongeka) = E1 - VR1
V (waya wowonongeka) = 10 V - 0 V = 10V

Ndikukupemphani kuti musiye ndemanga zanu ndi kukayikira kuti tidzayankhadi. Itha kukuthandizaninso kuti muwone zolakwika zamagetsi m'nkhani yathu Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (Ohmmeter, Voltmeter, Ammeter)

Itha kukutumikirani:

Buku:[1] [2] [3]

Lamulo la Ohm ndi zinsinsi zake [NKHANI]