OHM'S LAW yog dab tsi? ➡️ Kawm tau yooj yim nrog kev ua si

Taw qhia rau Ohm Txoj Cai:

Ohm txoj cai Nws yog tus pib taw tes rau kev nkag siab txog cov qauv pib ntawm hluav taws xob. Txij ntawm qhov no tau pom nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los soj ntsuam cov lus hais ntawm Ohm Txoj Cai hauv kev siv theoretical. Vim yog peb qhov kev paub hauv txoj haujlwm, kev tshawb xyuas txoj cai lij choj no txawm tso cai rau peb ua rau kev npau suav ntawm txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw tuaj kom ua tiav: ua haujlwm tsawg dua thiab ua haujlwm ntau dua, txij li nrog kev txhais lus kom raug peb tuaj yeem kuaj thiab txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thoob plaws hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog nws qhov tseem ceeb, keeb kwm, kev siv ntawm kev siv thiab kev zais cia kom nkag siab zoo dua.

¿Leej twg nrhiav pom Ohm txoj cai?

Georg simon ohm (Erlangen, Bavaria; Lub Peb Hlis 16, 1789-Munich, Lub Xya Hli 6, 1854) yog tus kws tshaj lij German thiab kws tshaj lij uas pab txhawb Ohm txoj cai rau txoj kev xav txog hluav taws xob. [1]. Ohm yog lub npe hu rau kev kawm thiab txhais cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nws lub zog hluav taws xob thiab kev tawm tsam, tsim nyob rau xyoo 1827 tsab cai lij choj uas hais txog nws lub npe uas hais tias I = V / RCov. Chav ntsuas ntawm hluav taws xob tiv thaiv, ohm, yog muaj npe tom qab nws. [1] (saib daim duab 1)

Georg Simon Ohm thiab nws txoj Cai Ohm (citeia.com) — Daim duab 1 Georg Simon Ohm thiab nws txoj cai Ohm (https://citeia.com)

Ohm txoj cai lij choj tau teev tseg li cas?

La Ohm txoj cai tsim tawm: kev siv hluav taws xob tam sim no uas dhau los ntawm hluav taws xob Circuit Court yog ncaj qha mus rau qhov hluav taws xob lossis qhov hluav taws xob (muaj peev xwm sib txawv V) thiab rov qab sib npaug rau cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv nws nthuav tawm (saib daim duab 2)

Nkag siab tias:

Tus nqi	Ohm txoj cai cim	Chav tsev ntawm qhov ntsuas	Rol	Yog tias koj xav tsis thoob:
Kev Nyuaj	E	Qhov hluav taws xob (V)	Lub siab uas ua rau cov dej ntws ntawm electrons	E = electromotive quab yuam los yog induced voltage
Ntws	I	Ampere (A)	Kev siv hluav taws xob tam sim no	kuv = intensity
Txoj hauj lwm	R	Ohm (Ω)	flow inhibitor	Ω = Greek tsab ntawv omega

E= Qhov txawv ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob lossis lub zog hluav taws xob "lub sijhawm kawm ntawv qub" (Volts "V").
I= Kev siv hluav taws xob tam sim no (Amperes "Amp.")
R= Hluav taws xob tsis kam (Ohms "Ω")

Daim duab 2; Ohm Txoj Cai Kev Cai (https://citeia.com)

Ohm Txoj Cai rau Dab Tsi?

Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov lus nug uas txaus siab tshaj plaws uas cov tub ntxhais kawm hluav taws xob / hluav taws xob ntawm thawj theem nug lawv tus kheej, qhov uas peb xav kom koj nkag siab nws zoo ua ntej txuas ntxiv lossis nce qib nrog lwm lub ntsiab lus. Cia peb txheeb xyuas nws ib kauj ruam: Hluav taws xob ua hauj: Nws yog qhov tawm tsam qhov ntws ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Hluav taws xob tam sim no: Nws yog qhov khiav ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (hluav taws xob) uas khiav los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib lossis khoom siv. Kev khiav dej tam sim no yog tus nqi ntawm ib qhov ntsuas lub sijhawm, nws chav ntsuas ntawm kev ntsuas yog Ampere (Amp). Muaj peev xwm qhov txawv hluav taws xob: Nws yog lub cev kom muaj nuj nqis uas ua rau qhov txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus. Nws kuj tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog qhov haujlwm ua haujlwm ib chav ua haujlwm uas ua haujlwm dhau los ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau ntawm lub pob hluav taws xob kom them nws ntawm ob txoj haujlwm tau txiav txim siab. Nws chav ntsuas ntawm ntsuas yog qhov ntsuas (V).

xaus

Ohm txoj cai Nws yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev kawm txog hluav taws xob circuits thiab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev kawm txog hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qib. Kev mob siab rau lub sijhawm rau nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, qhov no tau tsim nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no (ntawm nws qhov siab), yog qhov tseem ceeb kom nkag siab thiab txheeb xyuas cov lus zais rau kev daws teeb meem.

Qhov twg peb tuaj yeem xaus raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm Ohm Txoj Cai:

Qhov siab dua qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv (V) thiab qhov qis dua qhov tsis kam (Ω): ntau dua qhov kev siv hluav taws xob (Amp).
Qhov qis dua qhov sib txawv (V) thiab siab dua (Ω): Kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua (Amp).

Cov lus qhia kom nkag siab thiab muab Ohm Txoj Cai coj los siv

1 kev tawm dag zog
2 kev tawm dag zog
3 kev tawm dag zog
4 kev tawm dag zog
5 kev tawm dag zog

1 kev tawm dag zog

Thov lub Ohm txoj cai Nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no Circuit Court (daim duab 3) nrog ib tug tsis kam R1 = 10 Ω thiab muaj peev xwm sib txawv E1 = 12V thov Ohm txoj cai, qhov tshwm sim yog: I = E1 / R1 I = 12V / 10 Ω I = 1.2 Amp.

Yooj yim hluav taws xob Circuit Court — Daim Duab 3 Qhov hluav taws xob Circuit Court (https://citeia.com)

Ohm Txoj Cai Kev Ntsuam Xyuas (Piv Txwv 1)

Txhawm rau soj ntsuam Ohm txoj cai peb yuav mus zoo rau Kerepakupai Merú lossis Angel Falls (Kerepakupai Merú nyob rau hauv Pemón cov lus aboriginal, uas txhais tau tias "dhia ntawm qhov chaw tob tshaj plaws"), nws yog qhov dej tsaws tsag tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nrog qhov siab 979 m (807 m ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg tsis cuam tshuam), yog pib hauv Auyantepuy. Nws nyob hauv Canaima National Park, Bolívar, Venezuela [2]. (saib daim duab 4)

kev sib piv ntawm tus tim tswv dhia thiab Ohm txoj cai — Daim duab 4. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ohm Txoj Cai (https://citeia.com)

Yog hais tias peb kev xav nqa tawm kev tsom xam thov cov Ohm txoj cai, ua cov kev xav nram qab no:

Cascade qhov siab raws li qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm.
Cov dej tsis sib haum hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg yog tiv taus.
Dej Txaus Ua Ntej ntawm Cascade raws li Fais Tam Sim No Siv Hluav Taws Xob

Qeb 2:

Hauv kev sib npaug hauv virtual peb kwv yees lub Circuit Court piv txwv li los ntawm daim duab 5:

Ohm kev cai lij choj tshawb xyuas — Daim duab 5 Kev tsom xam ntawm kev nteg ntawm Ohm 1 (https://citeia.com)

Qhov twg E1 = 979V thiab R1 = 100 Ω I = E1 / R1 I = 979V / 100 Ω I = 9.79 Amp.

citeia.com

Ohm Txoj Cai Kev Ntsuam Xyuas (Piv Txwv 2)

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv no virtualization, piv txwv li, yog hais tias peb tsiv mus rau lwm yam dej tsaws tsag, piv txwv li: Iguazu Falls, nyob rau ciam teb ntawm Brazil thiab Argentina, nyob rau hauv Guaraní Iguazú txhais tau hais tias "dej loj", thiab nws yog lub npe uas haiv neeg nyob rau yav qab teb Cone. ntawm Amelikas muab tus dej uas pub cov dej tsaws tsag loj tshaj plaws hauv Latin America, ib qho kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov tsis ntev los no lawv tau muaj teeb meem nrog dej ntws.[3] (saib daim duab 6)

virtual sib piv Iguazu Ntog nrog ohm txoj cai — Daim duab 6 Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ohm Txoj Cai (https://citeia.com)

Qeb 3:

Qhov uas peb xav tias qhov kev tsom xam virtual no yog E1 = 100V thiab R1 = 1000 Ω (saib daim duab 7) I = E1 / R1 Kuv = 100V / 1000 Ω I = 0.1 Pp.

Ohm txoj cai kev soj ntsuam 2 — Daim duab 7 Kev tsom xam ntawm Ohm txoj cai 2 (https://citeia.com)

Ohm Txoj Cai Kev Ntsuam Xyuas (Piv Txwv 3)

Rau qhov piv txwv no, qee tus ntawm peb cov neeg nyeem yuav nug, thiab qhov kev soj ntsuam yog dab tsi yog tias ib puag ncig ntawm cov dej tsaws tsag Iguazu txhim kho (uas peb cia siab tias yuav muaj qhov xwm txheej, nco ntsoov tias txhua yam hauv qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug). Hauv kev tsom xam virtual, peb xav tias qhov av tsis kam (mus rau qhov kev ntws ntawm qhov ntws) hauv txoj kev xav yog qhov tsis tu ncua, E yuav yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dej ntws sib txawv uas yog vim li cas peb yuav muaj ntau ntws los yog hauv peb qhov sib piv tam sim no siv (Kuv ), piv txwv li: (saib daim duab 8)

muab piv rau dej tsaws tsag Iguazú thiab Ohm nteg — daim duab 8 kev tsom xam ntawm Ohm txoj cai 3 (https://citeia.com)

citeia.com

Qeb 4:

Los ntawm Ohm txoj cai, yog tias peb nce lub peev xwm sib txawv lossis ntau nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, ua kom cov tsis kam tiv thaiv E1 = 700V thiab R1 = 1000 Ω (saib daim duab 9)

I = E1 / R1
Kuv = 700V / 1000 Ω
Kuv = 0.7 Amp

Peb pom tias qhov tam sim no hnyav (Amp) hauv Circuit Court nce ntxiv.

hluav taws xob Circuit Court — Daim duab 9 kev tsom xam ntawm Ohm txoj cai 4 (https://citeia.com)

Txheeb Xyuas Txoj Cai Ohm kom nkag siab txog nws cov lus zais

Thaum ib tug pib kawm Ohm txoj cai, ntau tus xav paub seb txoj cai yooj yim li cas thiaj muaj qhov zais cia? Qhov tseeb tsis muaj qhov zais cia yog tias peb txheeb xyuas nws hauv kev nthuav dav hauv nws qhov siab. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, tsis soj ntsuam txoj cai kom raug, piv txwv li, ua rau peb disassemble ib tug hluav taws xob Circuit Court (txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nyob rau hauv ib tug khoom siv, txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug industrial theem) thaum nws tsuas yog ib tug puas cable los yog connector. Peb yuav soj ntsuam qhov tseeb:

Rooj Plaub 1 (Qhib Circuit Court):

kev tsom xam ntawm qhov hluav taws xob qhib hluav taws xob — Daim duab 10 Qhib hluav taws xob Circuit Court (https://citeia.com)

Yog tias peb txheeb xyuas qhov hluav taws xob nyob hauv daim duab 10, los ntawm Ohm txoj cai lij choj lub zog hluav taws xob E1 = 10V thiab qhov tsis kam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob (huab cua) uas ua rau tsis paub kawg ∞. Yog li peb muaj:

I = E1 / R
I = 10V / ∞ Ω

Qhov twg tam sim no nyhav rau 0 Amp.

Rooj Plaub 2 (Circuit Court shorted):

kev tsom xam ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob luv — Daim duab 11 Hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob hauv luv Circuit Court (https://citeia.com)

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no (daim duab 11) lub hwj chim mov yog E = 10V, tab sis lub resistor yog ib tug conductor uas nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav muaj 0Ω, yog li qhov no nws yuav yog luv Circuit Court.

I = E1 / R
Kuv = 10V / 0 Ω

Qhov twg tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav ntau ua rau infinite (∞) Amp. Dab tsi yuav taug kev tiv thaiv lub tshuab (fuses), txawm tias hauv peb simulation software ua rau muaj kev ceeb toom thiab txhaum ua lub ceeb toom. Txawm hais tias nyob hauv kev muaj tiag cov roj teeb niaj hnub muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab cov kev txwv tam sim no, peb xav kom peb cov neeg nyeem xyuas cov kab sib txuas thiab zam kom tsis txhob muaj lub voj voog luv (roj teeb, yog tias lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv ua tsis tiav, tuaj yeem tawg "Ceev Faj").

Rooj plaub 3 (kev sib txuas lossis xov hluav taws xob swb)

Yog tias peb ntshai hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog lub zog hluav taws xob E1 = 10V thiab R1 = 10 Ω peb yuav tsum muaj los ntawm Ohm txoj cai;

Qeb 5:

I = E1 / R1
Kuv = 10V / 10 Ω
Kuv = 1 Amp

Tam sim no peb xav tias hauv Circuit Court peb muaj qhov txhaum rau cov xov hlau (sab hauv los yog tawg hlau) lossis cov khoom sib txuas tsis zoo, piv txwv li, daim duab 12.

tawg xaim txhaum Circuit Court — Daim duab 12 Circuit Court nrog Kev Sib Tw Hloov Hlau Txhaum (https://citeia.com)

Raws li peb tau txheeb xyuas nrog qhib qhov pib tiv thaiv, tus neeg ua kom lub cev puas lawm lossis tawg yuav muaj tus cwj pwm zoo sib xws. Kev siv hluav taws xob tam sim no = 0 Amp. Tab sis yog tias kuv nug koj ntu twg (daim duab 13) yog A lossis B puas? thiab lawv yuav txiav txim siab li cas?

Kev txheeb xyuas lub cev tawg lossis hlau tawg — Daim duab 13 Kev tshuaj xyuas kab hluav taws xob nrog xaim hluav taws xob puas lossis sab hauv (https://citeia.com)

Muaj tseeb koj cov lus teb yuav yog, cia ntsuas ntsuas txuas ntxiv thiab tsuas pom qhov ntawm cov xaim hluav taws xob puas lawm (yog li peb yuav tsum txiav tawm cov khoom sib txuas thiab tua lub zog E1), tab sis rau qhov kev txheeb xyuas no peb yuav xav tias qhov tsis tuaj yeem txawm tias muab tua lossis txiav tawm cov xov hluav taws xob, tam sim no qhov kev tsom xam tau nthuav dav dua? Ib qho kev xaiv yog tso tus voltmeter hauv mus tib seem rau hauv Circuit Court piv txwv li daim duab 14

Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Txhaum Hluav Taws Xob Siv Ohm Txoj Cai — Daim Duab 14 Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Circuit Court Tsis Zoo (https://citeia.com)

Yog tias qhov peev txheej tau ua haujlwm, lub voltmeter yuav tsum khij qhov tsis txaus Voltage nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no 10V.

Kev txheeb xyuas hluav taws xob cov teeb meem txhaum nrog Ohm txoj cai — Daim duab 15 Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Circuit Court Tsis Xam Pom los ntawm Ohm Txoj Cai (https://citeia.com)

Yog tias peb tso cov voltmeter nyob mus tib seem rau Resistor R1, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yog 0V yog tias peb txheeb xyuas nws los ntawm Ohm txoj cai Peb muaj:

VR1 = Kuv x R1
Qhov twg kuv = 0 Amp
Peb ntshai VR1 = 0 Amp x 10 Ω = 0V

soj ntsuam qhov yuam kev xov los ntawm Ohm txoj cai — Daim duab 16 txheeb xyuas qhov txhaum ntawm Ohm txoj cai (https://citeia.com)

Tam sim no yog tias peb tso cov voltmeter nyob rau hauv mus tib seem rau cov xaim puas lawm peb yuav muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, vim li cas?

Txij li kuv = 0 Amp, the resistance R1 (tsis muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no tsim lub ntiaj teb virtual) raws li peb twb tau txheeb xyuas VR1 = 0V Yog li peb muaj nyob rau hauv lub puas cable (qhov no) qhov Voltage ntawm lub hwj chim mov.

V (cov hlau tsis zoo) = E1 - VR1
V (cov hlau tsis zoo) = 10 V - 0 V = 10V

Kuv caw koj tawm koj cov lus thiab tsis ntseeg tias peb yuav teb tau tseeb. Nws tseem tuaj yeem pab koj txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem hluav taws xob hauv peb tsab xov xwm ntawm Cov ntsuas hluav taws xob (Ohmmeter, Voltmeter, Ammeter)

Nws tuaj yeem pabcuam koj:

References:[1] [2] [3]

Ohm Txoj Cai thiab nws cov lus zais [DAIM]