Fahimtar Dokar Graaukaka Duniya
Godiya ga karatun masana kimiyya, ya kasance ya yiwu a fahimci abubuwan al'ajabi na yanayi, kuma a samu ci gaban fasaha tsawon shekaru. Newton, ya dogara ne da nazarin Galileo na dokokin da ke jagorantar motsi na abubuwa a duniya, da kuma binciken Kepler na dokokin motsi na duniyoyi a cikin tsarin hasken rana, ya kammala da cewa ƙarfin da ake buƙata don kiyaye duniya a cikin kewayarta ya dogara da talakawa da nesa nesa. Dokar gravitation ta duniya, wacce Isaac Newton ya buga a 1687, ta ba mu damar sanin karfin da abubuwa biyu masu nauyi ke jan hankalin su, kasancewar suna da matukar amfani a cikin nazarin hanyoyin zagaye na taurari, gano wasu duniyoyi, guguwa, motsi na tauraron dan adam, a tsakanin sauran abubuwan mamaki.
Mahimman Bayani don fahimtar "Dokar Karɓar Duniya"
Muna gayyatarku ku ga labarin Newton-Doka-mai sauƙin fahimta
Riarfin ƙarfi:
Thatarfin da ya tilasta wayoyin hannu su lanƙwasa yanayinsa wanda ya sanya shi bayyana motsi madauwari. Centarfin tsakiya yana aiki akan jikin da aka doshi tsakiyar hanyar madauwari. Jiki yana fuskantar saurin sauri kamar yadda saurin, na ci gaba na yau da kullun, yana canza shugabanci yayin da yake motsawa. Duba hoto na 1.
Ana iya lissafin ƙarfin Centripetal ta amfani da doka ta biyu ta Newton [1], inda za a iya nuna saurin centripetal a matsayin aikin saurin kusurwa, saurin layi, ko matsayin aikin lokacin jiki a cikin madauwari motsi. Duba hoto na 2.
[sunan adinserter = ”toshe 1 ″]
Dokokin Kepler
Masanin sararin samaniya Johannes Kepler ya bayyana yadda duniyoyin duniyoyi suke tafiyar da ayyukanta, ta hanyar dokoki guda uku: dokar kewayewa, yankuna da lokuta. [biyu].
Dokar farko ta Kepler, ko dokar kewayewa:
duk duniyoyin da ke cikin tsarin hasken rana suna zagaya rana ne a cikin wata falala mai juyawa. Rana tana cikin ɗayan biyun ellipse. Duba hoto na 3.
Kepler na biyu doka, ko dokar yankuna:
Radius ɗin da ya haɗu da wata duniya zuwa rana yana bayyana yankuna daidai a lokaci guda. Layin (kirkirarre) wanda ke tafiya daga rana zuwa duniya, yana share yankuna daidai wa daida a daidai lokacin; ma'ana, adadin da yankin ke canzawa akai. Duba hoto na 4.
Doka ta uku ta Kepler, ko dokar lokaci:
Ga dukkan duniyoyi, alaƙar da ke tsakanin ɗigon radius na kewayon da murabba'in lokacin nata ya kasance tabbatacce. Babban ginshiƙan ellipse cubed kuma an raba shi da lokaci (lokacin yin cikakken juyi), daidai yake da daidaikun duniyoyi. Kinarfin kuzari na wata duniya yana raguwa yayin da akasin nisantarsa da rana. Duba hoto na 5.
Dokar Graaukaka Duniya
Dokar gravitation ta duniya, wacce aka buga a 1687 ta Isaac Newton, tana ba mu damar sanin ƙarfin da abubuwa biyu masu nauyi ke jawowa. Newton ya kammala da cewa:
- Jima'i yana jan hankalin mutane ta hanyar gaskiyar abu kawai.
- Ofarfin jan hankali tsakanin jikkuna ana iya bayyana yayin da aƙalla ɗayan jikin ma'amala yake da girma ƙwarai, kamar duniya.
- Akwai ma'amala a nesa, sabili da haka, ba lallai ba ne ga jikunan su kasance cikin hulɗa don ƙarfin jan hankali ya yi aiki.
- Cutar hulɗar jan hankali tsakanin jikkuna koyaushe tana bayyana kanta a matsayin ƙungiyoyi biyu masu ƙarfi daidai da shugabanci da yanayin aiki, amma a cikin akasin hakan.
Bayani na Dokar ofaukar Universalaukakiya
Ofarfin jan hankali tsakanin talakawa biyu daidai yake daidai da samfurin talakawan kuma ya dace da murabba'in nisan da ya raba su. Ofarfin jan hankali yana da shugabanci wanda ya yi daidai da layin da ke tare da su [3]. Duba hoto na 6.
Matsakaicin daidaiton G tsakanin adadi an san shi azaman ɗimbin karfin walwala na duniya. A tsarin duniya yayi daidai da:
Darasi 1. Dayyade ƙarfin da jikkunan da ke cikin hoto na 7 ke jan hankalinsu a cikin ɓacin rai.
Magani
A cikin hoto na 8 akwai jiki biyu tare da mutane m1 = 1000 kg da m2 = 80 kg, rabu da tazarar mita 2. Yin amfani da ƙa'idar ƙa'idodin duniya na ɗawainiya, ana iya tantance ƙarfin jan hankali a tsakanin su, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 8.
Rage Doka na Karfin Duniya
Farawa daga doka ta uku ta Kepler wanda ya danganci radius zuwa lokacin wata duniya mai zagayawa, hanzarin centripetal da duniya ta samu yayi daidai da murabba'in radius din falakin sa. Don nemo ƙarfin da ke aiki a doron ƙasa, ana amfani da doka ta biyu ta Newton,], la'akari da saurin hanzarin da yake fuskanta, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin aikin wannan lokacin. Duba hoto na 9.
Henry Cavendish ne ya ƙayyade ƙimar aikin yau da kullun na duniya shekaru da yawa bayan an kafa dokar gravitation ta Newton. G ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "na duniya" tunda ƙimanta ɗaya ne a kowane ɓangaren sanannun sararin samaniya, kuma yana da 'yanci da mahalli inda aka sami abubuwan.
Darasi 2. 6380.ayyade yawan duniyan da ke duniya, sanin cewa radius ya kai kilomita XNUMX
Magani
Jikunan da suke saman duniya suna jan hankali zuwa tsakiyarta, ana kiran wannan ƙarfin azaman nauyin jiki (ƙarfin da Duniya ke jan sa da shi). A gefe guda kuma, ana iya amfani da doka ta biyu ta Newton wanda ke bayyana nauyin jiki a matsayin aikin nauyi, saboda haka ana iya samun tarin Duniya, sananne radius. Duba hoto na 11.
Amfani da dokar gravitation na duniya
Dokar gravitation ta duniya tana da amfani wajen bayyana yadda tauraron dan adam ke zagayawa, gano wasu duniyoyi, guguwa, motsawar tauraron dan adam, da sauran abubuwan mamaki.
Dokokin Newton sun cika daidai, idan aka lura cewa wasu tauraruwa basa aiki dasu saboda wasu tauraron da ba a gani ba suna kawo cikas ga harkar, saboda haka an gano wanzuwar duniyoyi daga damuwar da suke samarwa a cikin kewayen taurarin da aka sani.
Tauraron dan adam:
Tauraron Dan Adam wani abu ne wanda yake zagayawa kusa da wani abu mai girman gaske da kuma filin hada karfi, misali, kana da wata, tauraron dan adam na duniya. Tauraron dan adam yana fuskantar saurin faduwa saboda yana karkashin karfi mai jan hankali a fagen gravitational.
Darasi 3. Kayyade saurin tauraron dan adam da ke zaga duniya a kilomita 6870 daga tsakiyar duniya. Duba hoto na 12
Magani
Ana ajiye tauraron dan adam na wucin-gadi a kewayen Duniya saboda karfin jan hankalin da Duniya ke yi mata. Amfani da dokar ɗawainiya ta duniya da doka ta biyu ta Newton, ana iya tantance saurin tauraron ɗan adam. Duba hoto na 13.
ƘARUWA
Kowane kwayar halitta tana jan hankalin kowane nau'in kwayar halitta tare da karfi madaidaiciya kai tsaye zuwa samfurin talakawa duka biyun kuma ba daidai ba ga murabba'in nisan da ya raba su.
Cutar hulɗar jan hankali tsakanin jikkuna koyaushe tana bayyana kanta a matsayin ƙungiyoyi biyu masu ƙarfi daidai da shugabanci da yanayin aiki, amma a cikin akasin hakan.
Dokar Newton ta ɗawainiyar duniya tana ba mu damar ƙayyade ƙarfin da abubuwa biyu tare da taro ke jawowa, da sanin cewa ƙarfin jan hankali tsakanin talakawa biyu daidai yake da samfurin talakawa kuma ya dace da murabba'in nisan da ya raba su. .