Kayan aikin auna lantarki (Ohmmeter, Ammeter, Voltmeter)

Ga kowane mai son sha'awa, dalibi na wutar lantarki, kayan lantarki ko fannoni masu alaƙa, burin shine su sami nasu kayan aunawa. A wasu lokuta, masu horarwa suna samun kayan kida mai inganci wanda, maimakon taimaka musu koya, rikitar da lahani ko nuna matakan karya.  

A wasu lokuta, masu koyan aikin suna samun kayan aiki masu inganci amma, ba tare da gogewa ba, suna yin haɗin da ba daidai ba, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa ko gazawar kayan aikin. Duk cikin wannan labarin zamu nuna dacewar amfani dashi, aikace-aikacen sa da kuma tabbacin ingancin sa.

Menene kayan auna lantarki?

Don aiwatar da nazarin siginonin lantarki dole ne mu auna su kuma, ba shakka, rikodin su. Yana da matukar mahimmanci ga duk wanda yake son yin nazarin waɗannan abubuwan don samun ingantattun kayan auna lantarki.
Ana yin awo ne gwargwadon sigogin lantarki, gwargwadon abubuwan su kamar matsi, gudana, ƙarfi ko yawan zafin jiki. A cikin wannan labarin zamu sadaukar da kanmu don yin nazarin kayan auna don mafi yawan sifofi na yau da kullun kamar:

• THE Ohmmeter.
• THE Mitar.
• Mai auna wutar lantarki

Menene Ohmmeter?

Kayan aiki ne don auna ƙarfin juriya. Yin amfani da dangantaka tsakanin yiwuwar bambanci (Voltage) da ƙarfin wutar lantarki a yanzu (Amps) waɗanda dokar Ohm ta haɓaka.

Af wataƙila kuna da sha'awar gani daga baya Menene dokar Ohm da sirrinta ke bayyana?

Analog Ohmmeter:

Yi amfani da galvanometer, wanda shine mita ta lantarki. Wannan yana aiki kamar mai canzawa, karɓar wutar lantarki tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin alamomi wanda ke nuna aunawa ta hanyar dangantakar da aka lissafta ta Dokar Ohm. (Duba labarin dokar Ohm). Kalli adadi 2

Digital Ohmmeter:

A wannan yanayin baku yi amfani da galvanometer ba, maimakon amfani da dangantaka tare da mai rarraba wutar lantarki (wanda ya dogara da sikelin) da kuma sayen sigina (Analog / dijital) ɗaukar ƙimar juriya ta Alaƙar Ohm ta doka. Duba hoto na 3

Ohmmeter dangane:

Ohmmeter an haɗa shi a layi ɗaya da kaya (duba hoto na 4), ana ba da shawarar cewa ƙarshen kayan aikin yana cikin yanayi mafi kyau (Nutsuwa ko nasihu masu datti suna haifar da kuskuren aunawa). Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa samar da yuwuwar yuwuwar ana aiwatar dashi ta batirin ciki na kayan aiki.

Matakai don yin daidaitaccen ma'auni tare da kayan auna lantarki:

Muna ba da shawarar cewa kuyi waɗannan matakan don samun kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin ma'auninku:

Kwatancewa da gwajin jagorar gwaji:

A cikin kayan aikin analog wajibi ne ayi aiki da ma'auni da kuma duba tukwici, Amma a cikin kayan aikin dijital wanda a ka'idar atomatik ne, akwai abubuwan da wannan gyaran zai iya, maimakon yin aiki da kai (idan komai ba daidai bane), ya haifar da kuskure ko kuskure a ma'aunan. Muna ba da shawarar yin kowane lokacin da muke buƙatar auna, tabbatar da ma'aunin kayan aikin:

Tukwici duba:

Wannan matakin yana da asali amma na farko ne don samun karatu tare da ƙananan gefen kuskure (muna bada shawara a yawaita), kawai sun haɗa da haɗuwa da ƙirar kayan aikin tilasta tilasta ma'auni na +/- 0 Ω kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 5

Dole ne a nanata cewa samun sakamakon hakan 0 Ω kida ne mai kyau, dole ne a tuna cewa matakan aunawa suna amfani da igiyoyi na jan ƙarfe (a ka'idar kyakkyawan madugu) amma a aikace dukkan masu jan ragamar suna da juriya, kamar dai yadda nasihun yake (yawanci ana yinsu ne da ƙarfe, ƙwararrun ana yinsu da tagulla tare da azurfa wanka), duk da haka basu ba da hujjar sakamako mafi girma fiye da 0.2 Ω +/- kashi (%) na ƙimar karatun kayan aiki.
Don ba da babban darajar muna ba da shawarar: tsabtace tukwici, bincika kodin kayan aiki da mahimmin mahimmanci, matsayin batirin kayan aiki.

Duba Kayan Aiki:

Don wannan gwajin muna ba da shawarar samun daidaitaccen misali, mai tsayayyar 100 with tare da juriya wanda bai fi +/- 1% a cikin wasu kalmomin ba:
R Max = 100 Ω + (100Ω x 0.01) = 101 Ω
R min = 100 Ω - (100Ω x 0.01) = 99 Ω
Yanzu idan a wannan lokacin mun ƙara kuskuren karanta kayan aiki (ya dogara da alama da ƙimar Ohmmeter), yawanci samfurin Fluke samfurin 117 kayan aiki na dijital akan sikelin keɓaɓɓiyar kewaya (0 - 6 M Ω) shine +/- 0.9% [ 2], don haka zamu iya samun matakan matakai masu zuwa:
R Max = 101 Ω + (101Ω x 0.009) = 101,9 Ω
R min = 99 Ω - (99Ω x 0.009) = 98,1 Ω
Tabbas, wannan sakamakon yana da dangantaka, tunda yanayin muhalli (muhimmin mahimmanci don daidaitawa tare da mizani) da kuskuren sifili ba a yi la'akari da su ba, amma duk da waɗannan abubuwan dole ne mu sami kimar kimar mizanin.
Idan baku yi amfani da kayan aiki na atomatik ba, yana da kyau ku sanya shi a cikin zangon awo mafi kusa da daidaito.

A cikin adadi na 6 mun ga mitoci 2 (kayan aiki ne gabaɗaya) a wannan yanayin fluke 117 tana aiki ne kai tsaye kuma dole ne a zaɓi UNI-T UT38C wanda yake kusa da yanayin. Misali, samfurin multimeter UNI-T samfurin UT-39c [3] don wannan binciken ana ba da shawarar 200 Ω

Kariya yayin amfani da Ohmmeter azaman kayan auna lantarki:

Don daidai amfani da wannan kayan aikin auna muna bada shawarar waɗannan maki:

1. Don aiwatar da awo tare da Ohmmeter dole ne katse kayan wuta.
2. Kamar yadda ya riga ya kasance dalla-dalla a cikin abin da ya gabata, gwajin yana jagorantar dubawa kuma dole ne a gudanar da aikin kayyadewa kafin auna shi.
3. Don samun daidaitaccen ma'auni, yana da kyau a cire haɗin aƙalla tashar mota guda ɗaya na juriya ko ɓangaren, don haka guje wa duk wata matsala a layi ɗaya.

Yana iya amfani da ku: Lawarfin Watt's Law

Menene Ammita?

Ana amfani da ammeter don auna ƙarfin wutan lantarki a cikin reshe ko kumburin kewaya na lantarki.

Daidaita Ammeter:

Amirƙirar wuta suna da juriya na ciki wanda ake kira shunt (RS), gabaɗaya yana ƙasa da 1 ohm na babban daidaito, yana da manufar rage ƙarfin wutan lantarki na yanzu na kumburi mai haɗawa a layi ɗaya da galvanometer. Duba hoto na 7.

A ammeter na dijital:

Kamar ammeter mai layi daya, yana amfani da tsayayyar juriya daidai gwargwado, amma maimakon amfani da galvanometer, aikin sigina (analog / dijital) ana yin shi, gabaɗaya yana amfani da matattun ƙananan matakai don gujewa hayaniya.

Matakai don aiwatar da madaidaitan ma'auni tare da Ammeter azaman kayan auna lantarki:

• An haɗa ammeter ɗin a jere (tare da jumper) zuwa lodin kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 9

• Yana da kyau a haɗa hanyoyin haɗi tare da tushen wuta ta hanyar sanya ammita a ma'aunin Mafi Girma da rage mizanin har sai an kai matakin da aka ba da shawarar.
• Ana ba da shawarar koyaushe don bincika matsayin Baturin da fis ɗin kafin ɗaukar kowane ma'auni.

Kariya yayin amfani da Ammeter azaman kayan auna lantarki:

• Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa Ammeter ya dogara da tsayin daka a cikin layi daya a cikin wasu kalmomin toshewar ciki tana kasancewa 0 Ω a ka'ida (a aikace zai dogara ne akan sikelin) amma gaba ɗaya bai kai 1 Ω ba bai kamata a haɗa shi a cikin PARALLEL ba.
• Yana da matukar mahimmanci a duba fis ɗin kariyar kuma kar a saita darajar da ta fi wacce aka bada shawara.

Menene Voltmeter?

El Voltmita Kayan aiki ne wanda ake amfani dashi don auna bambancin yiwuwar tsakanin maki biyu a cikin da'irar lantarki.

Analog voltmeter:

Ya ƙunshi galvanometer tare da juriya na jituwa inda darajarta zata dogara da sikelin da aka zaɓa, duba hoto na 10

Digital Voltmeter:

Volitaren dijital na dijital yana da ƙa'ida ɗaya kamar ma'aunin volt analog, bambancin shine ana maye gurbin galvanometer da juriya, yana yin mahaɗan mai rarraba ƙarfin lantarki tare da dangantaka daidai gwargwado.

Haɗin Voltmeter:

Voltmeters suna da babban matsala a ka'idar da suke ganin basu da iyaka a aikace suna da matsakaita 1M of (hakika ya bambanta gwargwadon sikelin), haɗin su yana a layi ɗaya kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 12

Matakai don yin daidaitaccen ma'auni tare da Voltmeter azaman kayan auna lantarki:

A. A koyaushe sanya Voltmeter akan sikelin mafi girma (don kariya) kuma a hankali zuwa ƙasa zuwa ma'auni mafi kusa mafi girma daga ma'aunin.
B. Koyaushe ka duba yanayin batirin kayan aiki (tare da batir mai fitarwa yana haifar da kurakuran aunawa).
C. Bincika tasirin gwajin, ana bada shawarar girmama kalar gwajin (+ Ja) (- Black).
D. A yanayin rashin kyau ana ba da shawarar a gyara shi zuwa - - ko filin kewaya kuma ya bambanta gubar gwajin (+).
E. Tabbatar idan ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin da ake so shine DC (Direct current) ko AC (Alternating current).

Kariya lokacin amfani da Voltmeter azaman kayan auna lantarki:

Twararrun Volan lantarki gaba ɗaya suna da ma'auni babba (600V - 1000V) koyaushe suna fara karatu akan wannan sikelin (AC / DC).
Mun tuna cewa ma'aunin yana a layi daya (a jere zai haifar da zagaye) duba batun dokar ohm.

Shawarwarin Finalarshe don Kayan Auna Kayan Wuta

Ga kowane mai son zuciya, ɗalibi ko mai fasaha a ɓangarorin lantarki, wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci a san yadda ake amfani da kayan awo, ma'auninsu ya zama dole don gudanar da bincike da kimantawar fasaha. A yanayin cewa kuna amfani da multimeter asauka kamar yadda aka saba rajistan ma'aunin Ohmmeter, tunda a cikin waɗannan kayan aikin (duka ɗaya ne), duk sigogin suna haɗuwa ta wata hanya misali (baturi, tukwici, ammeters da voltmeter don auna masu canjin juriya tsakanin wasu).

Amfani da samfurin gwaji don kayan auna lantarki Ohmmeter, Ammeter da Voltmeter ya zama dole ayi shi koyaushe saboda kwarewarmu na rashin yin shi kuma da rashin alheri kasancewar kayan aikin daga ma'auni, na iya bamu alamun ƙarya na gazawa ko kurakuran karatu.

Muna fatan cewa wannan labarin gabatarwa ga batun yana da taimako, muna jiran ra'ayoyinku da shakku.