Izixhobo zokulinganisa zombane (Ohmmeter, Ammeter, Voltmeter)

Kuwo wonke umntu othanda umdlalo, umbane, umbane okanye izinto ezinxulumene noko, iphupha kukuba nezixhobo zabo zokulinganisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, abaqeqeshwa bafumana izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophantsi kakhulu, endaweni yokubanceda bafunde, bazenze nzima iimpazamo okanye babonise imilinganiselo engeyiyo.  

Ngamanye amaxesha, abafundi bafumana izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu kodwa, bengenamava, benza unxibelelwano oluphosakeleyo, olukhokelela kukungahambelani kakuhle okanye ukusilela kwesixhobo. Lonke eli nqaku siza kubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwalo ngokuchanekileyo, usetyenziso kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwemilinganiselo yayo.

Zithini izixhobo zokulinganisa umbane?

Ukuqhuba isifundo seempawu zombane kufuneka sizilinganise kwaye, ewe, sizirekhode. Kubaluleke kakhulu kuye nakubani na ofuna ukuhlalutya ezi zinto zinezixhobo ezilinganiselweyo zokulinganisa umbane.
Imilinganiselo yenziwa ngokusekwe kwiiparamitha zombane, ngokweempawu zazo ezinje ngoxinzelelo, ukuhamba, amandla okanye ubushushu. Kweli nqaku siza kuzinikela ekufundeni izixhobo zokulinganisa ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo njenge:

• INDLELA YOKUGQIBELA.
• I-Ammeter.
• IVolmeter.

Yintoni i-Ohmmeter?

Isixhobo sokulinganisa ukuxhathisa kombane. Sebenzisa i ulwalamano phakathi komehluko onokubakho (Voltage) kunye namandla ombane ngoku (Amps) akhuliswe ngumthetho ka-Ohm.

Ngendlela, unokuba nomdla wokubona kamva Uthini umthetho ka-Ohm kunye neemfihlo zawo?

I-Analogeter yeOmmeter:

Sebenzisa i-galvanometer, eyimitha yangoku yombane. Esebenza njenge-transducer, ifumana umbane ngombane rhoqo obangela utshintsho kwisikhombisi esibonisa umlinganiso kubudlelwane obalwe Umthetho ka-Ohm. (Jonga inqaku lomthetho ka-Ohm). Bukela umzobo 2

I-Ohmeter yedijithali:

Kule meko awusebenzisi i-galvanometer, endaweni yoko sebenzisa i ulwalamano ngokwahlulahlula amandla ombane (okuxhomekeke kwisikali) kunye nokufunyanwa komqondiso (iAnalog / idijithali) ukuthatha ixabiso lokunganyangeki Ulwalamano lomthetho ka-Ohm. Jonga umfanekiso 3

Unxibelelwano lwe-ohmmeter:

I-Ohmmeter iqhagamshelwe ngokuhambelana nomthwalo (jonga umfanekiso 4), kuyacetyiswa ukuba incam yesixhobo ikwimeko ezifanelekileyo (Iingcebiso ezi-Sulphated okanye ezingcolileyo zibangela impazamo yokulinganisa). Kubalulekile ukuqaqambisa ukuba unikezelo lomahluko onokubakho lwenziwa ngebhetri yangaphakathi yesixhobo.

Amanyathelo okwenza imilinganiselo echanekileyo ngezixhobo zokulinganisa zombane:

Sicebisa ukuba wenze la manyathelo alandelayo ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezingcono kwimilinganiselo yakho:

Ulungelelwaniso kunye novavanyo lokukhokelela kuvavanyo:

Kwizixhobo ze-analog yayiyimbopheleleko yokwenza ulungelelwaniso kunye nokujonga iingcebiso, kodwa kwizixhobo zedijithali ezithiyori ziyazenzekela, kukho izinto ezinokuthi ezi zilinganisi, endaweni yokuzenzekelayo (ukuba yonke into ayilunganga), zivelise ukungalungelelani okanye impazamo kwimilinganiselo. Sincoma ukwenza lonke ixesha sifuna umlinganiso, qinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwesixhobo:

Ingcebiso:

Eli nyathelo lisisiseko kodwa esisiseko sokufumana ukufundwa ngomda osezantsi wempazamo (sicebisa ukuyenza rhoqo), Ziquka kuphela ukujoyina iingcebiso zesixhobo esinyanzela umlinganiso +/- 0 Ω njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 5

Kuya kugxininiswa ekufumaneni njengesiphumo soku Ukulinganiswa kwe-0 ideal kulungile, kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba iingcebiso zokulinganisa zisebenzisa iintambo zobhedu (kwithiyori ababhexeshi abagqwesileyo) kodwa ngokwenyani bonke abaqhubi banokunganyamezeli, njengeengcebiso (zihlala zenziwe ngentsimbi engenasici, iingcali zenziwe ngobhedu ngesilivere ibhafu), nangona kunjalo abazithetheleli ngeziphumo ezingaphezulu kwe-0.2 Ω +/- ipesenti (%) yokuchaneka kwesixhobo.
Ukunika ixabiso eliphezulu sincoma: Coca iingcebiso, jonga ubungakanani besixhobo kunye nenqaku elibaluleke kakhulu, imeko yebhetri yesixhobo.

Isixhobo sokuLungiswa kwesiXhobo:

Kolu vavanyo sicebisa ukuba nomgangatho, umzekelo, i-100 Ω yokumelana nokunyamezelana akukho ngaphezulu kwe +/- 1% ngamanye amagama:
R Ubukhulu = 100 Ω + (100Ω x 0.01) = 101 Ω
R min = 100 Ω - (100Ω x 0.01) = 99 Ω
Ngoku ukuba okwangoku sidibanisa impazamo yokufunda isixhobo (kuxhomekeke kuphawu kunye nomgangatho we-Ohmmeter), ngesiqhelo isixhobo se-Fluke 117 yedijithali kwinqanaba le-auto (0 - 6 M Ω) ngu +/- 0.9% [ 2], ukuze sibe nolu luhlu lwamanyathelo alandelayo:
R Ubukhulu = 101 Ω + (101Ω x 0.009) = 101,9 Ω
R min = 99 Ω - (99Ω x 0.009) = 98,1 Ω
Ewe kunjalo, esi siphumo sihambelana, kuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo (indawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokulinganisa kunye nemigangatho) kunye neempazamo zero khange ziqwalaselwe, kodwa ngaphandle kwazo zonke ezi zinto kufuneka sibe nexabiso elilinganiselweyo kumgangatho.
Ukuba awusebenzisi isixhobo esizenzekelayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usibeke kwinqanaba lomlinganiso elikufutshane nomgangatho.

Kumzobo 6 sibona ii-multimeter ezi-2 (sisixhobo esikwiinto zonke) kule meko i-fluke 117 iyazimela kwaye i-UNI-T UT38C kuya kufuneka ukhethe isikali esikufutshane nepateni. Umzekelo, uphawu lwe-multimeter brand UNI-T imodeli UT-39c [3] yale itshekhi iyacetyiswa i-200 Ω

Amanyathelo okhuseleko xa usebenzisa i-Ohmmeter njengesixhobo sokulinganisa umbane:

Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwesi sixhobo sokulinganisa sicebisa la manqaku alandelayo:

1. Ukwenza imilinganiselo nge-Ohmmeter kufuneka unqanyulwe unikezelo lwamandla.
2. Njengoko yayisele ichaziwe kwinqanaba langaphambili, uvavanyo lukhokelela kwitshekhi kunye nokuhlolwa kokulinganisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphambi komlinganiso.
3. Ukufumana umlinganiso ochanekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unqamle ubuncinci isiphelo sendlela yokuxhathisa okanye icandelo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe nasiphi na isithintelo esifanayo.

Inokukunomdla: Amandla oMthetho weWatt

Yintoni i-Ammeter?

I-ammeter isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubungakanani bamaza ombane kwisebe okanye kwindawo yesekethe yombane.

Isilinganisi somlinganiso:

Ii-ammeters zinokuxhathisa kwangaphakathi okubizwa ngokuba yi-shunt (RS), ngokubanzi ingaphantsi kwe-1 ohm yokuchaneka okuphezulu, inenjongo yokunciphisa amandla ombane okwangoku kwendawo yokudibanisa ngokuhambelana ne-galvanometer. Jonga umfanekiso 7.

I-ammeter yedijithali:

Njenge-ammeter ehambelanayo, isebenzisa ukunganyangeki ngokulinganayo kwisikali, kodwa endaweni yokusebenzisa i-galvanometer, ukufunyanwa komqondiso (i-analog / yedijithali) kuyenziwa, isebenzisa iifilitha ezisezantsi zokuphepha ingxolo.

Amanyathelo okwenza umlinganiso ochanekileyo kunye neAmmeter njengesixhobo sokulinganisa umbane:

• I-ammeter iqhagamshelwe kuthotho (ngesikipa) kumthwalo njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 9

• Kuyacetyiswa ukwenza uqhagamshelo kunye nomthombo wamandla ucinyiwe ngokubeka i-ammeter kwisikali seMaxim kunye nokuhlisa isikali de kufike kwinqanaba elicetyiswayo.
• Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukujonga imeko yeBhetri kunye neefyuzi ngaphambi kokuthatha naliphi na inyathelo.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko xa usebenzisa i-Ammeter njengesixhobo sokulinganisa umbane:

• Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba i-Ammeter ixhomekeke kukunganyangeki okungathethekiyo ngamanye amagama ukunganyanzeleki kwangaphakathi kuhlala ku-0 Ω kwithiyori (xa isenziwa iya kuxhomekeka kwisikali) kodwa ngokubanzi ingaphantsi kwe-1 Ω akufuneki ukuba idityaniswe kwiPALALLEL.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhangela i-fuse yokhuseleko kwaye ungaze ubeke ixabiso elingaphezulu kwelo licetyiswayo.

Yintoni iVoltmeter?

El Umbane Sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umahluko onokubakho phakathi kwamanqaku amabini kwisekethe yombane.

I-voltmeter ye-analog:

Iqukethe i-galvanometer enokuthintela uthotho apho ixabiso liza kuxhomekeka kwisikali esikhethiweyo, jonga umzobo 10

I-Voltmeter yedijithali:

I-voltmeter yedijithali inomgaqo ofanayo ne-analog voltmeter, umahluko kukuba i-galvanometer ithathelwe indawo kukunganyangeki, okwenza isekethe yokwahlulahlula amandla ombane ngobudlelwane obulinganayo.

Udibaniso lweVetereter:

IiVoltmeters zine-impedance ephezulu kwithiyori zihlala zingenasiphelo ekusebenzeni abanazo kwi-avareji ye-1M Ω (kunjalo iyahluka ngokwenqanaba), unxibelelwano lwabo luyafana njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso we-12

Amanyathelo okwenza imilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye neVoltmeter njengesixhobo sokulinganisa umbane:

A. Soloko ubeka iVoltmeter kwelona nqanaba liphezulu (ukukhusela) kwaye ngokuhla usiya kwelona nqanaba likufutshane liphezulu kunemilinganiselo.
B. Soloko ujonga imeko yebhetri yesixhobo (kunye nebhetri ekhutshiweyo ivelisa iimpazamo zomlinganiso).
C. Jonga ubungqongqo bokukhokelela kuvavanyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhloniphe umbala wovavanyo olukhokelayo (+ Olubomvu) (- Mnyama).
D. Kwimeko yokuthintela kuyacetyiswa ukuba kulungiswe ku (-) okanye kumhlaba wesekethe kwaye uguqule uvavanyo lokhokelela (+).
Qinisekisa ukuba imilinganiselo yombane oyifunayo yi-DC (yangoku ngqo) okanye i-AC (enye ngoku).

Amanyathelo okhuseleko xa usebenzisa iVoltmeter njengesixhobo sokulinganisa umbane:

IiVoltmeters ngokubanzi zinenqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu (600V - 1000V) zihlala ziqala ukufunda kweli nqanaba (AC / DC).
Siyakhumbula ukuba imilinganiselo iyahambelana (kuthotho inokubangela isekethe evulekileyo) jonga isihloko somthetho ka-ohm.

Iingcebiso zokugqibela zezixhobo zoMbane woMbane

Kuwo nawuphi na umntu onenzondelelo yempambano, umfundi okanye ingcali kwimimandla ye-elektroniki, umbane kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zisetyenziswa njani izixhobo zomlinganiso, ulungelelwaniso lwabo luyimfuneko ukwenza uvavanyo kunye novavanyo lobuchwephesha. Kwimeko apho usebenzisa i-multimeter thatha njengesiqhelo itshekhi yokulinganisa i-Ohmmeter, kuba kwezi zixhobo (zonke inye), zonke iiparameter zinxibelelene ngandlela thile (ibhetri, iingcebiso, iiammeters kunye nevoltmeter yokulinganisa izinto ezichasayo phakathi kwabanye).

Ukusetyenziswa kwepatheni yovavanyo lwezixhobo zokulinganisa umbane i-Ohmmeter, i-Ammeter kunye neVoltmeter kuyimfuneko ukuyenza rhoqo ngenxa yamava ethu okungayenzi kwaye ngelishwa isixhobo singekho kwimilinganiselo, sinokusinika imiqondiso engeyiyo yokusilela okanye iimpazamo zokufunda.

Siyathemba ukuba inqaku lokwazisa kulo mbandela liluncedo, silindele amagqabantshintshi kunye nokuthandabuza kwakho.