Amandla oMthetho weWatt (Izicelo-Ukuzivocavoca)
Ukuhlawulwa kwenkonzo yombane Kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwe- amandla ombaneKe ngoko, kuluncedo kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba yintoni, ukulinganiswa kwayo kunye nendlela yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa umthetho weWatt. Ukongeza, sisiseko esisisiseko sokufunda kothungelwano lombane, kunye noyilo lwezixhobo zombane.
Usosayensi uWatt waseka umthetho, owathiywa ngegama lakhe, osivumela ukuba sibale lo mahluko ubalulekileyo. Emva koko, ukufundwa kwalo mthetho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo.
IINGQONDO EZISISISEKO:
- Isekethe yombane: Ukuqhagamshelwa kwezinto zombane apho amandla ombane anokuhamba khona.
- Ugesi: Ukuhamba kwemali ngombane ngeyunithi nganye ngexesha lokuhambisa izinto. Ilinganiswa nge-amps (A).
- Uxinzelelo lombane: Ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumbane wombane okanye umahluko onokubakho. Amandla afunekayo ukuhambisa ukuhlawulwa kombane ngento. Ilinganiswa ngee-volts (V).
- Amandla: Amandla okwenza umsebenzi. Ilinganiswa kwi-joule (J), okanye kwii-watt-iiyure (Wh).
- Amandla ombane: ubungakanani bamandla ahanjiswa yinto okanye ayifunxe ngexesha elinikiweyo. Amandla ombane alinganiswa kwii-watts okanye ii-watts, zifanekiselwa yileta W.
Mhlawumbi unokuba nomdla kwi: Umthetho we-Ohm kunye neemfihlo zayo, ukuzivocavoca kunye nokusekwa kwayo
Umthetho kaWatt
Umthetho kaWatt uthi "Amandla ombane athi isixhobo siwasebenzise okanye asihambise amiselwe ngumbane kunye nokuhamba kwesi sixhobo ngoku."
Amandla ombane esixhobo, ngokwe-Watt's Law, anikezelwa ngentetho:
P = V x mna
Amandla ombane alinganiswa kwii-watts (W). "Unxantathu wamandla" kuMzobo 1 uhlala usetyenziselwa ukumisela amandla, ombane, okanye umbane ngoku.
Kumzobo 2 iifomula eziqulethwe kunxantathu wamandla zibonisiwe.
UJames Watt (eGreenok, eScotland, ngo-1736-1819)
Wayengunjineli, umvelisi kunye nekhemist. Ngo-1775 wenza iinjini zomphunga, ngenxa yegalelo lakhe kuphuhliso lwaba matshini, uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso lwaqala. Nguye umenzi we-injini ejikelezayo, injini yesiphumo esiphindwe kabini, isixhobo soxinzelelo lomphunga, phakathi kwabanye.
Kwinkqubo yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeeyunithi, iyunithi yamandla yi “watt” (Watt, W) ukuhlonipha lo vulindlela.
Ukubalwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuhlawulwa kwenkonzo yombane kusetyenziswa umthetho kaWatt
Ukuqala kwinto yokuba amandla ombane sisixa samandla asizisa okanye esiwangenisayo ngexesha elinikiweyo, amandla anikwa ngefomula kumfanekiso 3.
Amandla ombane ahlala alinganiswa kwiyunithi ye-WH, nangona inokulinganiswa kwi-joule (1 J = 1 Ws), okanye kwi-horsepower (hp). Ukwenza imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo sicebisa ukuba ufunde inqaku lethu izixhobo zokulinganisa umbane.
Ukuzivocavoca 1 ukusebenzisa umthetho kaWatt
Kwinqaku elikwi-4, bala:
- Amandla angenisiweyo
- Amandla afunxwe imizuzwana engama-60
Isisombululo sokuzivocavoca 1
A. - Amandla ombane afunxwe sisixhobo amiselwe ngokomfanekiso wesi-5.
B.- amandla angenisiweyo
Isiphumo:
p = 10 W; Amandla = 600 J
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane:
Ababoneleli beenkonzo zombane bamisela amaxabiso ngokokusetyenziswa kombane- Ukusetyenziswa kombane kuxhomekeke kumandla asetyenzisiweyo ngeyure. Ilinganiswa ngeeyure ze-kilowatt (kWh), okanye amandla ehashe (hp).
Ukusetyenziswa kombane = Amandla = ipt
Ukuzivocavoca 2 ukusebenzisa umthetho kaWatt
Ngewotshi kuMzobo 8, kuthengwa ibhetri ye-3-V ye-lithium.Ibhetri inamandla agciniweyo angama-6.000 e-joule avela kumzi-mveliso. Ukwazi ukuba iwotshi isebenzisa umbane we-0.0001 A, zingathatha iintsuku ezingaphi ukubuyisela ibhetri?
Isisombululo sokuzivocavoca 2
Amandla ombane agqitywe yikhalityhuleyitha amiselwe ngokusebenzisa umthetho kaWatt:
Ukuba amandla asetyenziswa yikhalityhuleyitha anikezelwa kukunxibelelana kwe-Energy = pt, ukusombulula ixesha "t", nokufaka amaxabiso emandla namandla ombane, ixesha lobomi bebhetri liyafumaneka. Jonga umfanekiso 6
Ibhetri inesakhono sokugcina isixhobo sokubala kwimizuzwana engama-20.000.000, elingana neenyanga ezisi-7,7.
Isiphumo:
Ibhetri yewotshi kufuneka itshintshwe emva kweenyanga ezisixhenxe.
Ukuzivocavoca 3 ukusebenzisa umthetho kaWatt
Kuyafuneka ukuba wazi uqikelelo lweendleko zenyanga kwinkonzo yombane kwindawo ethile, esazi ukuba inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kombane yi-0,5 $ / kWh. Umzobo 7 ubonakalisa izixhobo ezisebenzisa umbane ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo:
- 30 W itshaja yefowuni, esebenza iiyure ezi-4 ngosuku
- Ikhompyuter yedesktop, i-120 W, isebenza iiyure eziyi-8 ngosuku
- Ibhalbhu ye-incandescent, i-60 W, isebenza iiyure eziyi-8 ngosuku
- Isibane sedesika, 30 W, sisebenza iiyure ezi-2 ngosuku
- Ikhompyuter yeLaptop, i-60 W, esebenza iiyure ezimbini ngosuku
- I-TV, i-20 W, isebenza iiyure eziyi-8 ngosuku
Solution:
Ukufumanisa ukusetyenziswa kombane, ubudlelwane bokusetyenziswa kwamandla = pt kuyasetyenziswa. I-30 W kwaye isetyenziswa iiyure ezi-4 ngosuku, iya kudla i-120 Wh okanye i-0.120Kwh ngosuku, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 8.
Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa ukubalwa kokusetyenziswa kombane kwezixhobo zasekhaya. I-1.900 Wh okanye i-1.9kWh isetyenziswa yonke imihla.
Ngereyithi ye-0,5 $ / kWh, inkonzo yombane iya kubiza:
Isiphumo:
Ixabiso lenkonzo yombane kwizakhiwo yi- $ 28,5 ngenyanga, kusetyenziswa i-57 kWh ngenyanga.
Indibano yemiqondiso:
Into inokufumana okanye inike amandla. Xa amandla ombane wento enophawu oluqinisekileyo, into leyo ifunxa amandla. Ukuba umbane awunamandla, umbane ubonelela ngombane. Jonga umfanekiso 9
Yasekwa njenge "ngqungquthela yophawu".
- Kulungile ukuba okwangoku kungena kwisiphelo esifanelekileyo sevolthi kwinto leyo.
- Akulunganga ukuba okwangoku kungena kwisiphelo esibi. Jonga umzobo 10
Ukuzivocavoca 4 usebenzisa umthetho weWatt
Izinto eziboniswe kumzobo 11, bala umbane usebenzisa indibano yesayina elungileyo kwaye ubonise ukuba ngaba izinto zinikezela okanye zithatha amandla:
Solution:
Umzobo 12 ubonisa ukubalwa kwamandla ombane kwisixhobo ngasinye.
Isiphumo
KUYA. (Unyaka wenzuzo AXa okwangoku kungena kwisiphelo esifanelekileyo, amandla aqinisekileyo:
p = 20W, into ithatha amandla.
B. (Inzuzo yomthambo BXa okwangoku kungena kwisiphelo esifanelekileyo, amandla aqinisekileyo:
p = - 6 W, into inikezela ngamandla.
Izigqibo zoMthetho weWatt:
Amandla ombane, alinganiswa kwii-watts (W), abonisa ukuba amandla ombane anokuguqulwa ngokukhawuleza njani.
Umthetho weWatt ubonelela ngokulinganisa ukubalwa kwamandla ombane kwiinkqubo zombane, ukuseka ubudlelwane ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwamandla, ombane kunye nombane ngoku: p = vi
Ukufundwa kwamandla ombane kuluncedo ekumiseleni ukusebenza kwezixhobo, kuyilo olunye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane, ukuqokelela inkonzo yombane, phakathi kwezinye izicelo.
Xa isixhobo sisebenzisa amandla ombane alungile, ukuba anika amandla amandla a-negative. Uhlalutyo lwamandla kwiisekethi zombane, isivumelwano sendlela elungileyo sihlala sisetyenziswa, esibonisa ukuba amandla kwinto elungileyo axa umbane ungena kwisiphelo esifanelekileyo.
Kwakhona kwiwebhusayithi yethu unokufumana: Umthetho waseKirchhoff, umisela ntoni kunye nendlela yokuwusebenzisa
