Magetsi kuyera zviridzwa (Ohmmeter, Ammeter, Voltmeter)

Kune vese vanoita hobbyist, mudzidzi wemagetsi, zvemagetsi kana zvine chekuita neminda, kurota kuve nezviridzwa zvavo zvekuyera. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vadzidzi vanowana zviridzwa zvemhando yepamusoro izvo, panzvimbo pekuvabatsira kudzidza, zvinomomesa zvikanganiso kana kuratidza zviyero zvisiri izvo.  

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vadzidzi vanowana zviridzwa zvemhando yepamusoro kwazvo asi, vasina ruzivo, vanoita kubatana kwakashata, zvichikonzera kutadza kufambirana kwechiridzwa kana kukundikana. Pakati penyaya ino tese ticharatidza mashandisiro ayo chaiwo, mashandisirwo uye kuongororwa kweyakaenzana.

Chii chinonzi magetsi ekuyera?

Kuti tiite ongororo yemasaini emagetsi isu tinofanirwa kuyera iwo, uyezve, kuarekodha. Izvo zvakakosha kwazvo kune chero munhu anoda kuongorora izvi zviitiko kuti ave nemidziyo yekuyera yemagetsi yakavimbika.
Kuyerwa kunoitwa kunoenderana nemagetsi parameter, zvinoenderana nehunhu hwavo sekumanikidza, kuyerera, simba kana tembiricha. Muchikamu chino tichazvipira kuita zviyero zvekuyera zvakajairika parameter senge:

• THE Ohmmeter.
• AMMeter.
• Iyo Voltmeter.

Chii chinonzi Ohmmeter?

Icho chishandiso chekuyera kusagadzikana kwemagetsi. Uchishandisa iyo ukama pakati pekugona mutsauko (Voltage) uye magetsi emagetsi emagetsi (Amps) akagadzirwa nemutemo waOmm.

Nenzira pamwe unoda kuona gare gare Chii chinotaurwa nemutemo waOmm nezvakavanzika zvawo?

Iyo Analog Ohmmeter:

Shandisa galvanometer, inova mita yemagetsi yemagetsi. Izvo zvinoshanda setransducer, ichitambira magetsi emagetsi nemagetsi anogara achikonzera shanduko mune pointer inoratidza kuyerwa kuburikidza nehukama hunowanikwa ne Mutemo waOmm. (Ona chinyorwa cheOmm). Tarisai mufananidzo 2

Iyo Dhijitari Ohmmeter:

Mune ino kesi haushandise iyo galvanometer, pachinzvimbo shandisa a ukama ine divi yemagetsi (zvinoenderana nesero) uye kutora chiratidzo (Analog / digital) kutora kukosha kwekushorwa ne Ukama hwemutemo waOmm. Ona mufananidzo 3

Kubatanidza Ohmmeter:

Iyo Ohmmeter yakabatana yakafanana nemutoro (ona mufananidzo 4), zvinokurudzirwa kuti muromo wechiridzwa uri mumamiriro akakwana (Sulphated kana yakasviba matipi inokonzera kuyerwa kukanganisa). Izvo zvakakosha kujekesa kuti kugoverwa kwemusiyano unogoneka kunoitwa nebhatiri remukati rechiridzwa.

Matanho ekuita chiyero chakaringana nemidziyo yekuyeresa emagetsi:

Isu tinokurudzira kutora anotevera matanho kuti uwane zvirinani mhedzisiro mune ako kuyerwa

Kuchengetedza uye bvunzo yekutungamira yekutarisa:

Mune zviridzwa zveanalogog chaive chisungo chekuita calibration uye kutarisa kwemazano, asi mumidziyo yedhijitari iyo mune dzidziso ndeye otomatiki, pane zvinhu izvo izvi calibration zvinogona, panzvimbo pekugadzirisa (kana zvese zvisiri izvo), kuburitsa kusarongeka kana kukanganisa mune zviyero. Tinokurudzira kuita nguva dzese patinoda kuyerwa, simbisa kuenzaniswa kwechiridzwa.

Zano cheki:

Iyi nhanho yakanyanya kukosha asi yekutanga kuwana kuverenga pamwe nechepazasi pekukanganisa (tinokurudzira kuzviita kazhinji), izvo zvinongobatanidza kujoina matipi echiridzwa kumanikidza kuyerwa kwe +/- 0 Ω sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 5

Izvo zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti kuwana semhedzisiro mune izvi 0 Ω calibration yakanaka, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti matipi ekupimisa anoshandisa tambo dzemhangura (mune dzidziso dzakanaka vafambisi) asi mukuita vese ma conductor ane kumwe kushomeka, kungofanana nemazano (anowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi isina chinhu, iwo ehunyanzvi akagadzirwa nemhangura nesirivha bhati), zvisinei hazviratidze mhedzisiro yakakura kudarika 0.2 Ω +/- iyo pesenti (%) yekuverenga chaiyo kwechiridzwa.
Kuti tipe kukosha kwakakwira tinokurudzira: geza iwo matipi, tarisa kuenzanisa kwechiridzwa uye chakanyanya kukosha poindi, chimiro chebhatiri rechiridzwa.

Instrument Calibration Tarisa:

Kune iri bvunzo tinokurudzira kuva neyakajairwa, semuenzaniso, 100 Ω resistor ine shiviriro isingapfuure +/- 1% mune mamwe mazwi:
R Max = 100 Ω + (100Ω x 0.01) = 101 Ω
R min = 100 Ω - (100Ω x 0.01) = 99 Ω
Zvino kana panguva ino isu tichiwedzera iko kuverenga kwekushandisa (zvinoenderana nechiratidzo uye mhando yeOmmeter), kazhinji Fluke modhi 117 chiridzwa chedigital pane auto renji chikero (0 - 6 M Ω) iri +/- 0.9% [ 2], kuti tikwanise kuve nematanho anotevera:
R Max = 101 Ω + (101Ω x 0.009) = 101,9 Ω
R min = 99 Ω - (99Ω x 0.009) = 98,1 Ω
Ehezve, mhedzisiro iyi ine hukama, nekuti mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza (yakakosha poindi yekuyera nematanho) uye zero zero haina kutariswa, asi kunyangwe izvi zvese zvinhu isu tinofanirwa kuve neanofungidzirwa kukosha kune chiyero.
Kana iwe ukasashandisa chimbo chekumisikidza mota, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uiise muyero yekuyera iri padyo neyakajairwa.

Mumufananidzo 6 tinoona 2 mamirimita (chimbo-che-chi-chimwe) mune iyi fluke 117 iri auto-inotenderera uye UNI-T UT38C inofanira kusarudzwa chiyero chiri padyo nepatani. Semuenzaniso, iyo multimeter brand UNI-T modhi UT-39c [3] yeiyi cheki inokurudzirwa 200 Ω

Kuchengetedza kana uchishandisa iyo Ohmmeter semudziyo wekuyera magetsi:

Zvekushandisa chaiko kwechimbo ichi chekuyera tinokurudzira zvinotevera mapoinzi

1. Kuti uite zviyero neOmmeter unofanirwa kunge uine magetsi emagetsi akabviswa.
2. Sezvo zvainge zvatove nezvakadzama mune yakapfuura poindi, iyo bvunzo inotungamira cheki uye iyo calibration cheki inofanira kuitiswa pamberi peyero.
3. Kuti uwane chiyero chakaringana zvinokurudzirwa kuti ubatanidze kanenge kamwechete kesitiri kekushora kana chinhu, nekudaro uchidzivirira chero impedance yakafanana.

Inogona kufarira iwe: Simba reMutemo waWatt

Chii chinonzi Ammeter?

Iyo ammeter inoshandiswa kuyera kusimba kwemagetsi emagetsi mubazi kana node yedunhu remagetsi.

Iyo analog Ammeter:

Iwo maammeters ane kuramba kwemukati kunodaidzwa kunzi shunt (RS), kazhinji iri pazasi pe1 ohm yekukwirisa kwepamusoro, ine chinangwa chekudzikisa kusimba kwemagetsi kwazvino kwenzvimbo yekubatanidza yakafanana neiyo galvanometer. Ona mufananidzo 7.

Dhijitari ammeter:

Kufanana neammeter inoenderana, inoshandisa shunt kuramba zvinoenderana nechiyero, asi pachinzvimbo chekushandisa galvanometer, kutora chiratidzo kunoitwa (analog / digital), inowanzo shandisa mafirita epasi-ekudzivirira ruzha.

Matanho ekuita chiyero chakaringana neAmmeter sechinhu chekuyera chemagetsi:

• Iyo ammeter yakabatana mune dzakateedzana (iine jumper) kune mutoro sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 9

• Zvinokurudzirwa kuti ubatanidze nesimba remagetsi rakadzimwa nekuisa ammeter pachiyero cheMaximum uye kudzikisa chiyero kusvikira wasvika pachiyero chakakurudzirwa.
• Izvo zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kutarisa mamiriro eBattery uye fuse usati waita chero kuyerwa.

Kuchengetedza kana uchishandisa Ammeter sechinhu chekuyera chemagetsi:

• Izvo zvakakosha kuti urangarire kuti iyo Ammeter inoenderana nekumisa shunt mune zvakafanana nemamwe mazwi iyo yemukati impedance inowanzoita 0 Ω mune dzidziso (mukuita inoenderana nechikero) asi kazhinji iri pasi pe1 Ω saka haifanire kunge yakabatana muPARARLE.
• Izvo zvakakosha kuti utarise iyo yekudzivirira fuse uye usambofa wakaisa kukosha kwakakwirira kupfuura kwakakurudzirwa.

Chii chinonzi Voltmeter?

El Voltmeter Icho chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera musiyano unokwanisa pakati pemapoinzi maviri mudunhu remagetsi.

Iyo analog voltmeter:

Inosanganisira galvanometer ine kuramba kwakateedzana uko kukosha kwayo kunoenderana nesero rakasarudzwa, ona mufananidzo 10

Iyo Dhijitari Voltmeter:

Iyo digital voltmeter ine imwecheteyo seiyo analog voltmeter, musiyano uri wekuti galvanometer inotsiviwa nekupokana, ichiita dhivhavhavhavhaji yemagetsi nehukama hwakaenzana.

Voltmeter Kubatana:

Voltmeters vane yakakwira impedance mune dzidziso ivo vanowanzove vasina mugumo mukuita kwavanenge vaine paavhareji 1M of (zvechokwadi inosiyana zvinoenderana nechikero), kubatana kwavo kuri kwakafanana sekuratidzwa mumufananidzo 12

Matanho ekuita chiyero chakaringana neVolteter semudziyo wekuyera wemagetsi:

A. Nguva dzose isa Voltmeter pachiyero chepamusoro (chekudzivirira) uye zvishoma nezvishoma udzike kune iyo padanho riri padyo kupfuura chiyero.
B. Nguva dzose tarisa chimiro chebhatiri rechiridzwa (nebhatiri rakaburitswa rinogadzira zviyero zvekuyera).
C. Tarisa polarity yemuedzo wekutungamira, zvinokurudzirwa kuremekedza ruvara rweyedzo yekutungamira (+ Tsvuku) (- Dema).
D. Panyaya yezvakaipa zvinokurudzirwa kuigadzirisa ku (-) kana pasi redunhu uye nekusiyana kwekutungamira kwekuyedza (+).
E. Ongorora kana chiyero chemagetsi chaunoda chiri DC (Direct yazvino) kana AC (Inochinjisa yazvino).

Chengetedzo paunenge uchishandisa Voltmeter senge chiyero chemagetsi kuyera:

Voltmeters anowanzo ave nehuremu hwakakura (600V - 1000V) gara uchitanga kuverenga pachiyero ichi (AC / DC).
Isu tinorangarira kuti izvo zviyero zviri zvakafanana (mune dzakateedzana zvinogona kukonzera yakavhurika redunhu) ona nyaya yemutemo ohm.

Ekupedzisira Mazano eElectric Kuyera Instruments

Kune chero munhu anonyanyisa, mudzidzi kana nyanzvi munzvimbo dzemagetsi, magetsi zvakakosha kuti uzive mashandisiro ekuyera zviridzwa, yavo calibration inofanirwa kuita kuongororwa uye tekinoroji kuongororwa. Muchiitiko chekuti iwe unoshandisa multimeter tora setsika iyo Ohmmeter calibration cheki, sezvo mune izvi zviridzwa (zvese mune imwe), ma parameter neimwe nzira akabatana semuenzaniso (bhatiri, matipi, maammeters uye voltmeter yekuyera kwemhando dzakasiyana pakati pevamwe).

Iko kushandiswa kweye bvunzo pateni yemagetsi kuyera zviridzwa Ohmmeter, Ammeter uye Voltmeter inofanirwa kuzviita nguva dzese nekuda kwechiitiko chedu chekusaita uye zvinosuwisa kuve nechiridzwa kunze kwekuyera, kunogona kutipa manyepo ekunyepedzera ekukundikana kana kuverenga kwekukanganisa.

Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa chekutanga pachinyorwa ichi chinobatsira, isu takamirira makomendi ako uye kusahadzika.