Basic MagetsiTechnology

Simba reMutemo waWatt (Zvikumbiro - Maekisesaizi)

Kubhadhara magetsi zvinoenderana nekudyiwa kweiyo simba remagetsiNaizvozvo, zvinobatsira kwazvo kuti unzwisise kuti chii, chiyero uye nzira yekudzikisa kushandiswa nekushandisa mutemo waWatt. Uye zvakare, iko kwakasiyana kusiyanisa kwekufunda kwemagetsi network, uye mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi.

Musayendisiti Watt akatanga mutemo, wakatumidzwa zita rake, uyo unotibvumidza kuverenga musiyano wakakosha uyu. Tevere, kudzidza kwemutemo uyu uye mashandisiro awo.

ZVINOKOSHA ZVINOKOSHA:

  • Dunhu remagetsi: Kupindirana kwezvinhu zvemagetsi kuburikidza neiyo magetsi magetsi anogona kuyerera.
  • Magetsi emagetsi: Magetsi emagetsi anoyerera pauniti nguva kuburikidza neyekufambisa zvinhu. Inoyerwa muamps (A).
  • Makakatanwa emagetsi: Iyo inozivikanwawo semagetsi emagetsi kana musiyano ungangoita. Ndiyo simba rinodikanwa kufambisa chijana chemagetsi kuburikidza nechinhu. Iyo inoyerwa mu volts (V).
  • Energy: Kugona kuita basa. Iyo inoyerwa mujoule (J), kana muma watt-maawa (Wh).
  • Simba remagetsi: huwandu hwesimba iro chinhu chinoburitsa kana kupinza mune yakapihwa nguva. Simba remagetsi rinoyerwa mumawatts kana mawatts, inofananidzirwa netsamba W.

Zvimwe unogona kufarira: Mutemo waOhm uye zvakavanzika zvawo, kurovedza muviri uye izvo zvaunosimbisa

Mutemo waOmm nezvakavanzika zvawo chinyorwa chinovhara
citeia.com

Mutemo waWatt

Mutemo waWatt unotaura izvozvo "Simba remagetsi iro mudziyo unoshandisa kana kuendesa rinotemerwa nemhepo uye yazvino kuyerera kuburikidza nemuchina."

Simba remagetsi remudziyo, zvinoenderana neMutemo waWatt, rinopihwa neshoko rinoti:

P = V x ini

Simba remagetsi rinoyerwa mumawatts (W). Iyo "simba pembetatu" muMufananidzo 1 inowanzo shandiswa kuona simba, magetsi, kana magetsi magetsi.

Magetsi Magetsi Triangle Watt Mutemo
Mufananidzo 1. Electric Power Triangle (https://citeia.com)

Mumufananidzo 2 mafomula arimo mukatatu memagetsi anoratidzwa.

Mafomula - Magetsi Magetsi Triangle Watt Mutemo
Mufananidzo 2. Mafomula - Electric Power Triangle (https://citeia.com)

James Watt (Greenok, Scotland, 1736-1819)

Aive injinjiniya, muvambi, uye kemisiti. Muna 1775 akagadzira injini dzemhepo, nekuda kwerubatsiro rwake mukusimudzira michina iyi, kusimudzira kwemaindasitiri kwakatanga. Iye ndiye musiki weinotenderera injini, yakapetwa kaviri injini, yekumanikidza yekumanikidza chimbo, pakati pevamwe.

MuInternational system yemayuniti, iyo unit yemagetsi ndiyo "watt" (Watt, W) mukuremekedza uyu piyona.

Kukarukureta kwesimba rekushandisa uye yemagetsi kubhadhara basa uchishandisa Watt mutemo

Kutanga kubva pachokwadi chekuti simba remagetsi ihwo huwandu hwesimba iro chinhu chinoburitsa kana kupinza mune yakapihwa nguva, simba racho rinopihwa nefomula mumufananidzo 3.

Mafomula - Simba kuverenga
Mufananidzo 3. Mafomura - Kuverenga kwesimba (https://citeia.com)

Simba remagetsi rinowanzo kuyerwa muchikamu WH, kunyangwe ichigona kuyerwa mujoule (1 J = 1 Ws), kana musimba rebhiza (hp). Kuti uite zviyero zvakasiyana zvatinokurudzira kuti uverenge chinyorwa chedu pane michina yekuyeresa yemagetsi.

Dzidzira 1 kushandisa mutemo waWatt 

Kune chinhu chiri muMufananidzo 4, verenga:

  1. Yakapinza simba
  2. Simba rakatorwa kwemasekondi makumi matanhatu
Watt mutemo mutemo
Mufananidzo 4. Exercise 1 (https://citeia.com)

Mhinduro Exercise 1

A.- Simba remagetsi rakabatwa nechinhu chakatemwa zvinoenderana nemufananidzo 5.

Kukarukureta simba remagetsi
Mufananidzo 5. Kuverengwa kwesimba remagetsi (https://citeia.com)

B.- Yakapinza simba

Yakapinza simba
Fomura yakatora simba

Mhedzisiro:

p = 10 W; Simba = 600 J

Kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi:

Vanopa magetsi vanogadza mitengo maererano nemagetsi. Iyo inoyerwa mu kilowatt-maawa (kWh), kana bhiza simba (hp).


Magetsi kushandiswa = Simba = pt

Dzidzira 2 kushandisa mutemo waWatt

Kwe wachi iri muMufananidzo 8, 3 V lithiamu bhatiri rinotengwa.Bhatiri rine rakachengetwa simba re6.000 joule kubva kufekitori. Kuziva kuti wachi inoshandisa magetsi emagetsi e0.0001 A, zvinotora mazuva mangani kutsiva bhatiri?

Mhinduro Exercise 2

Simba remagetsi rakadyiwa ne Calculator rinotemerwa uchishandisa Watt Mutemo:

simba remagetsi
Simba remagetsi fomula

Kana simba rakadyiwa ne Calculator rakapihwa nehukama Energy = pt, kugadzirisa iyo nguva "t", nekutsiva hunhu hwesimba nemagetsi, nguva yehupenyu hwebhatiri inowanikwa. Ona mufananidzo 6

Hupenyu hwebhatiri nguva kuverenga
Mufananidzo 6. Hupenyu hwebhatiri nguva kuverenga (https://citeia.com)

Bhatiri rinokwanisa kuchengeta karukureta kwemasekonzi zviuru makumi maviri ezviuru, zvinoenderana nemwedzi 20.000.000.

Mhedzisiro:

Bhatiri reawa rinofanira kutsiviwa mushure memwedzi minomwe.

Dzidzira 3 kushandisa mutemo waWatt

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uzive fungidziro yemwedzi nemitengo mune yemagetsi sevhisi yemuno, uchiziva kuti mwero wekushandisa kwemagetsi i0,5 $ / kWh. Mufananidzo 7 unoratidza zvishandiso zvinoshandisa magetsi mukati meimba.

  • Chaja yefoni 30 W, inoshanda maawa mana pazuva
  • Desktop komputa, 120 W, inoshanda maawa masere pazuva
  • Incandescent girobhu racho, 60 W, rinoshanda maawa masere pazuva
  • Mwenje wedhesiki, 30 W, inoshanda maawa maviri pazuva
  • Laptop komputa, 60 W, inoshanda maawa maviri pazuva
  • TV, 20 W, inoshanda maawa masere pazuva
Simba rekushandisa
Mufananidzo 7 Kuita 3 (https://citeia.com)

Solution:

Kuti uone kushandiswa kwemagetsi, hukama Energy Consumption = pt inoshandiswa. 30 W uye inoshandiswa maawa mana pazuva, ichapedza 4 Wh kana 120Kwh pazuva, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 8.

Kukarukureta kwemagetsi kushandiswa kwejaja yefoni (semuenzaniso)
Mufananidzo 8. Kuverengwa kwemagetsi kushandiswa kwejaja yefoni (https://citeia.com)

Tafura 1 inoratidza kuverenga kwekushandisa kwemagetsi emidziyo yemuno.  1.900 Wh kana 1.9kWh inopedzwa zuva nezuva.

Kukarukureta kwemagetsi kushandiswa Exercise 3 Watt Mutemo
Tafura 1 Kuverenga kwekushandisa kwemagetsi Exercise 3 (https://citeia.com)
Fomula Pamwedzi Simba rekushandisa
Fomula Pamwedzi Simba rekushandisa

Nechiyero che0,5 $ / kWh, sevhisi yemagetsi inodhura:

Mwedzi weMagetsi Mari Yekushandisa
Mwedzi weMagetsi Mari Yekushandisa

Mhedzisiro:

Mutengo webasa remagetsi munzvimbo iyi ndeye $ 28,5 pamwedzi, yekushandisa 57 kWh pamwedzi.

Passive chiratidzo gungano:

Chinhu chinogona kutora kana kupa simba. Kana simba remagetsi rechinhu riine chiratidzo chakanaka, chinhu chiri kutora simba. Kana simba remagetsi risina kunaka, chinhu chacho chiri kupa simba remagetsi. Ona mufananidzo 9

Chiratidzo cheMagetsi Emagetsi Watt Mutemo
Mufananidzo 9 Electric Power Sign (https://citeia.com)

Iyo yakagadzwa se "passive chiratidzo gungano" iro simba remagetsi:

  • Izvo zvakanaka kana iyo yazvino ichipinda kuburikidza neakanaka magumo emagetsi mune chinhu.
  • Izvo zvakashata kana iyo yazvino ichipinda kuburikidza neyakaipa terminal. Ona mufananidzo 10
Passive Kokorodzano Yezviratidzo Watt Mutemo
Mufananidzo 10. Passive sign Convention (https://citeia.com)

Exercise 4 kushandisa Watt mutemo

Kune izvo zvinhu zvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 11, verenga simba remagetsi uchishandisa yakajeka chiratidzo gungano uye kuratidza kana chinhu chinopa kana chinotora simba:

simba remagetsi Mutemo waWatt
Mufananidzo 11. Exercise 4 (https://citeia.com)

Solution:

Mufananidzo 12 unoratidza kuverenga kwesimba remagetsi mune chimwe nechimwe chigadzirwa.

Kukarukureta kwesimba remagetsi nemutemo watt
Mufananidzo 12. Simba remagetsi kuverenga - kurovedza muviri 4 (https://citeia.com)

Mhinduro

TO. (Kubatsira gore A) Kana iyo yazvino ichipinda kuburikidza neyakavimbika terminal, iyo simba iri yakanaka:

p = 20W, chinhu chinotora simba.

B. (Kubatsirwa kwekurovedza muviri B) Kana iyo yazvino ichipinda kuburikidza neyakavimbika terminal, iyo simba iri yakanaka:

p = - 6 W, chinhu chinopa simba.

Mhedziso yeMutemo waWatt:

Simba remagetsi, rakayerwa mumawatts (W), inoratidza mashandisiro anoita simba remagetsi.

Mutemo waWatt unopa iyo equation yekuverenga kwesimba remagetsi mumasisitimu emagetsi, ichisimbisa hukama hwakananga pakati pesimba, magetsi nemagetsi zvazvino: p = vi

Kudzidza kwesimba remagetsi kunobatsira kuona mashandiro emidziyo, mune dhizaini imwecheteyo yekuderedza mashandisiro emagetsi, yekutora sevhisi yemagetsi, pakati pezvimwe zvinoshandiswa.

Kana mudziyo ukashandisa simba simba remagetsi rakanaka, kana richipa simba simba racho harina kunaka. Zvekuongororwa kwesimba mumaseketi emagetsi, gwara rakanaka rechiratidzo rinowanzo shandiswa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti simba mune chimwe chinhu rakanaka kana magetsi achipinda nepakati pechiteshi chakanaka.

Zvakare pane yedu webhusaiti iwe unogona kuwana: Mutemo waKirchhoff, zvaunosimbisa uye maitiro ekuishandisa

Kirchhoff's Mitemo Chinyorwa Kavha
citeia.com

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