Simba reMitemo yaKirchhoff

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (Königsberg, Kurume 12, 1824 -Berlin, Gumiguru 17, 1887) aive chiremba wefizikisi weGerman, uyo mupiro wake mukuru wesainzi kumitemo inozivikanwa yeKirchhoff yakanangana neminda yemaseketi emagetsi, dzidziso yemahwendefa, Optics, spectroscopy uye hutema hutema nemagetsi. " [Poshi]

"Mitemo yaKirchhoff" [2] inoonekwa semhepo uye hukama hwazvino pakati pezvakasiyana zvinhu zvemagetsi network.

Iyi mitemo miviri yakapusa, asi "ine simba", sezvo pamwe chete ne Mutemo waOmm bvumidza kugadzirisa manetwork emagetsi, ndiko kuti, kuziva hunhu hwenzvimbo uye ma voltage echinhu, nekudaro uchiziva hunhu hweanoshanda uye anongoita zvinhu zve network.

Tinokukoka iwe kuti uone chinyorwa che Mutemo waOmm nezvakavanzika zvawo

ZVINOKOSHA ZVINOKOSHA Mutemo waKirchhoff:

Mune network yemagetsi zvinhu zvinogona kubatanidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa uye zvinoshandiswa netiweki. Zvekudzidza kwema network, terminology senge node, meshes uye matavi anoshandiswa. Ona mufananidzo 1.

Electric Network mumutemo waKirchhoff:

Dunhu rinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana senge mota, ma capacitor, kuramba, pakati pevamwe.

Nzvimbo:

Nzvimbo yekubatanidza pakati pezvinhu. Inofananidzirwa nepfungwa.

Rama:

Bazi renetiweki ndiyo conductor kuburikidza nayo iyo magetsi emagetsi eiyo imwechete simba anotenderera. Bazi rinogara riri pakati pemapfundo maviri. Iwo matavi anofananidzirwa nemitsara.

Mesh:

Mugwagwa wakavharwa mudunhu.

Mumufananidzo 2 pane yemagetsi network ine:

• Mumufananidzo 2 (a) meshes mbiri: yekutanga mesh inogadzira nzira ABCDA, uye yechipiri mesh inogadzira nzira BFECB. Iine maviri (2) Node panongedzo B uye yakajairika poindi DCE.

• Mumufananidzo 2 (b) unogona kuona meshes 1 ne2.

-FIRST MUTEMO WEKIRCHOFF "Mutemo weNazvino kana Mutemo weNodhi"

Mutemo wekutanga waKirchhoff unoti "Iyo algebraic huwandu hwenzvimbo dzenzvimbo dziri munzvimbo isina zero" [3]. Masvomhu inomiririrwa neshoko (ona fomula 1):

Kuisa iyo Kirchhoff Yemutemo Mutemo vanotariswa "Zvakanaka" mazaya anopinda node, uye "Negative" mafungu arikubuda munode. Semuenzaniso, pamufananidzo 3 pane node ine matavi matatu, uko iko kusimba kwazvino (if) uye (i3) kuri kwakanaka kubva pavanopinda munzvimbo, uye iko kusimba kwazvino (i1), iyo inosiya iyo node, inoonekwa seisina kunaka; Nekudaro, kune iyo node iri mumufananidzo 2, mutemo wazvino waKirchhoff unosimbiswa se:

Cherekedza - Algebraic sum: mubatanidzwa wekuwedzera uye kubvisa kwehuwandu hwakazara. Imwe nzira yekuita algebraic yekuwedzera ndeyekuwedzera iyo yakanaka nhamba kunze kwenhamba dzisina kunaka wozoibvisa. Chiratidzo chemhedzisiro chinoenderana nekuti ndeapi manhamba (akanaka kana akaipa ari makuru).

Mumitemo yaKirchhoff, mutemo wekutanga wakanangana nemutemo wekuchengetedza mutero, iyo inotaura kuti iyo algebraic huwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi mukati memagetsi network haushanduke. Nekudaro, hapana mambure ekuchaja anochengetwa munzvimbo, nekudaro, huwandu hwenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinopinda munzvimbo iyi dzakaenzana nehuwandu hwemvura dzinoisiya.

Zvimwe unogona kuva nechido: Simba reMutemo waWatt

-MUTEMO WECHIPIRI WAKIRCHHOFF "Mutemo weTension "

Mutemo wechipiri waKirchhoff unoti "iyo algebraic huwandu hwekushushikana kwakatenderedza nzira yakavharwa zero" [3]. Masvomhu inomiririrwa neshoko iri: (ona fomula 3)

Mumufananidzo 4 pane netiweki yemagetsi yemessage: Zvinosimbiswa kuti yazvino "i" inotenderera mumeshoni munzira yakatarisa nguva.

-KUSHANDURA KWEMAITIRO NEMITEMO YEKIRCHHOFF

General maitiro

• Govera rukova kubazi rega rega.
• Mutemo wazvino waKirchhoff unoshandiswa kumatunhu edunhu kubvisa rimwe.
• Iro zita uye polarity zvinoiswa pamhepo yemagetsi yega yega kuramba.
• Mutemo waOmm kuratidza voltage sekushanda kwemagetsi emagetsi.
• Iyo meshes yemagetsi network yakatemwa uye Kirchhoff's Voltage Law inoiswa kune yega yega mesh.
• Gadzirisa iyo system yekuenzanisa inowanikwa neinotsiva nzira, Cramer mutemo, kana imwe nzira.

ZVINOGONESESWA ZVAKAITWA:

Exercise 1. Zvemagetsi network inoratidza:
a) Nhamba yematavi, b) Nhamba yemapfundo, c) Nhamba yemashes.

Solution:

a) Iyo network ine matavi mashanu. Mumufananidzo unotevera bazi rimwe nerimwe rinoratidzwa pakati pemitsara ine madonhwe bazi rimwe nerimwe:

b) Iyo network ine node nhatu, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo unotevera. Idzo nodhi dzinoratidzwa pakati pemitsara ine mitsetse:

c) Mambure ane matatu meshes, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo unotevera:

Exercise 2. Sarudza yazvino i uye ma voltages echinhu chimwe nechimwe

Solution:

Iyo yemagetsi network ndeye mesh, uko iko kusimba kumwechete kwazvino kutenderera kunosarudzwa se "i". Kugadzirisa network yemagetsi shandisa iyo Mutemo waOmm pane yega resistor uye Kirchhoff's voltage mutemo pane mesh.

Mutemo waOmm unoti iwo voltage yakaenzana nekuwanda kwemagetsi emagetsi nguva kukosha kwekupikisa.

Saka, yekurwisa R₁, V magetsi_R1 es:           

Zvekurwisa R₂, V magetsi_R2 es:

Kuisa Kirchhoff's Voltage Mutemo pane mesh, uchiita rwendo rwacho nenzira yakatenderera:

Kutsiva aya ma volt tinawo:

Izwi iri rapfuudzwa nechiratidzo chakanakira kune rimwe divi rekuenzana, uye kusimba kwazvino kunojekeswa

Izvo zvimiro zvevhoriyamu sosi uye magetsi emagetsi zvinotsiviwa:

Iko kusimba kwazvino kuyerera kuburikidza nemambure ndiko: ini = 0,1 A

Iyo voltage pamhepo inopikisa R₁ es:

Iyo voltage pamhepo inopikisa R₂ es:

Mhedzisiro:

CONCLUSIONS kumutemo waKirchhoff

Kudzidza kweMirayiro yaKirchhoff (Mutemo waKirchhoff wezvezvino, mutemo wemagetsi weKirchhoff), pamwe chete nemutemo waOmm, ndiwo mabhesiki akakosha ekuongororwa kwechero magetsi network.

Nemutemo wazvino waKirchhoff uyo unoti huwandu hwemaalgebra hwemvura iri munzvimbo iri zero, uye mutemo wemagetsi unoratidza kuti algebraic sum yemakakatanwa mumahosi izero, hukama pakati penzvimbo uye voltages hunotsanangurwa mune chero magetsi network yezvinhu zviviri kana kudarika.

Con el amplio uso de la electricidad en la industria, comercio, hogares, entre otros, las Leyes de Kirchhoff se utilizan diariamente para el estudio de infinidades de redes y sus aplicaciones.

Tinokukoka iwe kuti usiye makomendi ako, kusahadzika kana kukumbira chikamu chechipiri cheichi chakakosha KIRCHOFF MUTEMO uyezve iwe unogona kuona edu apfuura zvinyorwa se Magetsi kuyera zviridzwa (Ohmmeter, Voltmeter uye Ammeter)