Kulipira kwa magetsi zimatengera kumwa kwa mphamvu yamagetsiChifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ndi chiyani, momwe amayeza ndi momwe angachepetsere kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Watt. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosintha pakuphunzira zamagetsi, komanso kapangidwe kazida zamagetsi.
Wasayansi Watt adakhazikitsa lamulo, lotchedwa pambuyo pake, lomwe limatilola kuwerengera kusintha kofunikira kumeneku. Chotsatira, kuphunzira lamuloli ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.
MAGANIZO OTSOGOLERA:
- Zamagetsi zamagetsi: Kulumikizana kwa zinthu zamagetsi zomwe magetsi amatha kuyenda.
- Mphamvu yamagetsi: Kuyenda kwamagetsi kwamagetsi nthawi iliyonse kudzera pazowongolera. Amayeza amps (A).
- Mavuto amagetsi: Amadziwikanso kuti magetsi amagetsi kapena kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo. Ndi mphamvu yofunikira kusunthira chiphaso chamagetsi kudzera pachinthu. Amayeza volts (V).
- Mphamvu: Kutha kugwira ntchito. Amayeza mu joule (J), kapena m'ma watt-hours (Wh).
- Mphamvu yamagetsi: kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe chinthu chimapereka kapena kuyamwa munthawi. Mphamvu yamagetsi imayesedwa ndi Watts kapena Watts, imayimilidwa ndi kalata W.
Mwina mungakhale ndi chidwi ndi: Lamulo la Ohm ndi zinsinsi zake, zolimbitsa thupi ndi zomwe zimakhazikitsa
Chilamulo cha Watt
Chilamulo cha Watt chimanena izi "Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe chida chimagwiritsa ntchito kapena kuperekera imatsimikizika ndi mphamvu yamagetsi komanso yomwe ikuyenda kupyola chipangizocho."
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, malinga ndi Chilamulo cha Watt, imaperekedwa ndi mawu akuti:
P = V x Ine
Mphamvu yamagetsi imayesedwa ndi Watts (W). "Triangle yamagetsi" mu Chithunzi 1 nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa magetsi, magetsi, kapena magetsi.
Pazithunzi 2 mafomulowa omwe ali mu Triangle yamagetsi akuwonetsedwa.
James Watt (Greenok, Scotland, 1736-1819)
Iye anali injiniya wamakina, wopanga, ndi katswiri wamagetsi. Mu 1775 adapanga ma injini otentha, chifukwa chothandizira pakupanga makina awa, chitukuko cha mafakitale chidayamba. Ndiye mlengi wa injini yozungulira, injini yazotsatira ziwiri, chida chowongolera nthunzi, pakati pa ena.
Ku International system of unit, unit for power ndi "watt" (Watt, W) polemekeza mpainiya uyu.
Kuwerengetsa zakumwa kwamagetsi ndi zolipiritsa zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Watt
Kuyambira pomwe magetsi ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yomwe chinthu chimapereka kapena kuyamwa munthawi yapadera, mphamvuyo imaperekedwa ndi chilinganizo chachithunzi 3.
Mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa mu unit Wh, ngakhale itha kuwerengedwanso mu joule (1 J = 1 Ws), kapena mu horsepower (hp). Kuti mupange miyeso yosiyanasiyana tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge nkhani yathu zida zoyezera magetsi.
Zolimbitsa thupi za 1 kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Watt
Pazomwe zili mu Chithunzi 4, werengani:
- Kutenga mphamvu
- Mphamvu zimatenga masekondi 60
Njira Yothetsera Mavuto 1
A. - Mphamvu yamagetsi yolowetsedwa ndi chinthucho imatsimikizika molingana ndi chithunzi 5.
B. - Mphamvu zosakanika
Zotsatira:
p = 10 W; Mphamvu = 600 J
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi:
Omwe amapereka zamagetsi amakhazikitsa mitengo malinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka magetsi- Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kumadalira mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ola limodzi. Amayeza mu kilowatt-hours (kWh), kapena mphamvu ya akavalo (hp).
Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi = Mphamvu = pt
Zolimbitsa thupi za 2 kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Watt
Kwa wotchi mu Chithunzi 8, batri ya lithiamu 3 V imagulidwa.Batireyo ili ndi mphamvu yosungidwa ya joule 6.000 yochokera mufakitole. Podziwa kuti nthawi imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi a 0.0001 A, zitenga masiku angati kuti mubwezere batire?
Njira Yothetsera Mavuto 2
Mphamvu yamagetsi yogwiritsa ntchito chowerengera imatsimikizika pogwiritsa ntchito Lamulo la Watt:
Ngati mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chowerengera iperekedwa ndi ubale Energy = pt, kuthetsa nthawi "t", ndikusintha mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, nthawi ya moyo wa batri imapezeka. Onani chithunzi 6
Batire imatha kusunga makinawa kwa masekondi 20.000.000, omwe ndi ofanana ndi miyezi 7,7.
Zotsatira:
Batire la wotchi liyenera kusinthidwa pambuyo pa miyezi 7.
Zolimbitsa thupi za 3 kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Watt
Zimayenera kudziwa kuwerengera ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwezi uliwonse pamagetsi am'deralo, podziwa kuti magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi $ 0,5 / kWh. Chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa zida zomwe zimawononga magetsi mkati mwake:
- Chaja ya foni ya 30 W, yogwira maola 4 patsiku
- Makompyuta apakompyuta, 120 W, ogwiritsa ntchito maola 8 patsiku
- Babu ya incandescent, 60 W, yogwira maola 8 patsiku
- Nyali ya desiki, 30 W, imagwira ntchito maola awiri patsiku
- Makompyuta apakompyuta, 60 W, ogwiritsa ntchito maola awiri patsiku
- TV, 20 W, yogwira maola 8 patsiku
Solution:
Kuti mudziwe kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, ubale Energy Consumption = pt imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, pa charger foni, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito 30 W ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito maola 4 patsiku, itenga 120 Wh kapena 0.120Kwh patsiku, monga momwe chithunzi 8.
Gulu 1 likuwonetsa kuwerengera kwamagwiritsidwe amagetsi azida zam'deralo. 1.900 Wh kapena 1.9kWh amadya tsiku lililonse.
Ndi mulingo wa 0,5 $ / kWh, ntchito yamagetsi iwononga:
Zotsatira:
Mtengo wamagetsi wamagetsi mnyumba ndi $ 28,5 pamwezi, pakugwiritsa ntchito 57 kWh pamwezi.
Msonkhano wazizindikiro chabe:
Chinthu chimatha kuyamwa kapena kupereka mphamvu. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ikakhala ndi chizindikiro, chinthucho chimatenga mphamvu. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ilibe, amafalitsa magetsi. Onani chithunzi 9
Idakhazikitsidwa ngati "msonkhano wongokhala chabe" wamagetsi amagetsi:
- Ndizabwino ngati pakadali pano pakulowa pamagetsi oyenda bwino.
- Ndizosavomerezeka ngati pakadali pano pakulowa m'malo osavomerezeka. Onani chithunzi 10
Chitani 4 kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Watt
Pazinthu zomwe zawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 11, werengani zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito msonkhano wabwino wazizindikiro ndikuwonetsa ngati chinthucho chimapereka kapena chimatenga mphamvu:
Solution:
Chithunzi 12 chikuwonetsa kuwerengera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pachida chilichonse.
Zotsatira
KU (.Chaka chopindulitsa A) Pakadali pano pakulowa m'malo abwino, mphamvuyo ndiyabwino:
p = 20W, chinthucho chimatenga mphamvu.
B. (Phindu lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi B) Pakadali pano pakulowa m'malo abwino, mphamvuyo ndiyabwino:
p = - 6 W, chinthucho chimapatsa mphamvu.
Mapeto a Lamulo la Watt:
Mphamvu yamagetsi, yoyesedwa ndi watts (W), imawonetsa momwe mphamvu yamagetsi imasinthira mwachangu.
Lamulo la Watt limapereka equation yowerengera zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi, kukhazikitsa ubale wolunjika pakati pa magetsi, magetsi ndi magetsi: p = vi
Kafukufuku wamagetsi ndi othandiza kudziwa momwe zida zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, pakupanga komweko kuti achepetse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamagetsi, posonkhanitsa zamagetsi, mwa zina.
Chida chikamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zimakhala zabwino, ngati zimapatsa mphamvu mphamvu zimakhala zopanda pake. Pofufuza mphamvu zamagetsi pamagetsi, msonkhano wama siginecha wamagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe umawonetsa kuti mphamvu mu chinthu ndichabwino ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ilowa kudzera pamalo abwino.
Komanso patsamba lathu mutha kupeza: Lamulo la Kirchhoff, zomwe limakhazikitsa komanso momwe mungazigwiritsire ntchito
