Zowonadi pamene mudali wophunzira mudakumana ndi mutu uwu: "Kodi mapu amalingaliro ndi otani: chiyambi, zabwino ndipo ndi za chiyani?" Inenso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake lero ndabwera kuti ndikusiyireni nkhaniyi ndi cholinga chotsitsimutsa chikumbukiro ichi, TIYENI TIPITE!
Kodi mapu amalingaliro ndi chiyani?
Un mapu olingalira ndi chida chamtengo wapatali chomwe chili ndi chiwonetsero chazithunzi chouziridwa ndi mutu wina. Mapu amalingaliro ayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro omwe adakonzedwa m'njira yokhazikitsidwa. Malingaliro omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito atha kukonzedwa motsatira masanjidwe monga ma rectangles, mabwalo, mitambo, kapena chithunzi chokhudzana ndi mutuwo. Ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi mizere yolunjika kapena yopindika.
Mapuwa amafotokozera mwachidule mutu mwachidule ndi malingaliro osavuta. Komabe, sizingoyimira izi zokha, popeza akaigwiritsa ntchito munthuyo amakhala ndi lingaliro lenileni la zomwe chiwonetserocho akufuna kukhazikitsa. Zikafika polemba malingaliro onse a mapu amalingaliro, muyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kuti owerenga azitha kuwonera.
Zipangizo zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chophweka pakukonza ndikusintha malingaliro m'njira yatanthauzo; kwa onse owonetsa komanso owonera. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ichi si chida chatsopano. Idadzuka chifukwa cha David Ausubel mu 1970, yemwe adapanga lingaliro la psychology yophunzira kwambiri ndipo a Joseph Novak adayamba kugwira ntchito.
Dziwani: Momwe mungapangire mapu amadzi olingalira
Chiyambi cha mapu amalingaliro
Kupanga mamapu amalingaliro adayamba mu 1972, liti pulogalamu yofufuzira idagwiritsidwa ntchito ku University of Cornell kuchokera kwa David Ausubel's Psychology of Learning. Mmenemo adafunsa ana ambiri. Kumeneko kunadziwika kuti zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti ana amvetsetse mfundo za sayansi.
Ausubel adalongosola kuti kuphatikizika kwazidziwitso kunapezedwa kudzera m'malingaliro osanyalanyazidwa, poyerekeza ndi malingaliro ndi malingaliro omwe munthuyo ali nawo. Chifukwa chake lingaliro lodabwitsa lokonza zidziwitso kudzera m'mabatani ang'onoang'ono ndi kulumikizana molumikizana limakonzedwa motsatira njira.
Zinali zothandiza osati kungopeza chidziwitso, komanso kufotokozera, ndipo zinali. Icho chidakhala chida chowunikira kuyeza kumvetsetsa kwamunthu pamutu.
Zinthu Za Mapu Olingalira
-Mfundo
Ndi zochitika, zochitika kapena zinthu zomwe zimayimilidwa ndi ziwerengero. Zolemba zake zonse ziyenera kukhala mawu atatu, ndipo zenizeni, masiku, ziganizo kapena mayina oyenerera sangaganiziridwe choncho. Icho chiyenera kukhala chinthu chapadera chomwe sichinabwerezedwe pamapu.
-Kulumikiza mawu
Ndi mawu osavuta olumikizana ndi "malingaliro". Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ziganizo, ziganizo, mawu omwe amatha kufotokoza kulumikizana komwe kulipo pakati pamalingaliro. Zonsezi kuti zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pamapu ndizomveka bwino momwe zingathere. Mawu olumikizana akuyimiridwa pamapu polumikiza mizere. Pakati pawo pali "ndi", "pakati pawo pali", "ndi gawo la", "dalira", pakati pa ena.
-Mawu oyamba
Ndi chiganizo chomveka cha chinthu kapena chochitika. Ndikupanga malingaliro awiri kapena kupitilira apo omwe ali ndi ubale pakati pawo, ndikupanga gawo lamalingaliro.
-Kulumikiza kapena malo
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka lingaliro labwino pamalingaliro omwe ali ndi kulumikizana, amawululira malingaliro omwe ali ofanana. Mizere, kulumikizana, mivi yodutsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukusangalatsidwa ndi: Mapulogalamu abwino kwambiri opanga mamapu amalingaliro ndi malingaliro
![Mejores programas para crear mapas conceptuales y mentales [GRATIS] portada de artículo](https://citeia.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/programas-para-crear-mapas-conceptuales-y-mentales.jpg)
Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapu amalingaliro?
Ubongo wamunthu umagwira ndikuwunika zinthu mosiyana ndi zomwe zalembedwa. Mapu amalingaliro ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira mtundu uliwonse wa chidziwitso. Zithandizira kuwonera ubale wa malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Werengani ndikutanthauzira mutu kenako muwayimire pamizere ndi mizere, pang'onopang'ono zinthu zonsezi zidzakhala chithunzi chofunikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi m'mbali zamaphunziro, komabe zimagwira ntchito kulikonse.
Mitundu yamapu
Mwa njira, tikukusiyirani pano phunziro laling'ono lomwe lingakhale lothandiza ngati mugwiritsa ntchito PC yanu kuphunzira: Momwe mungapangire kompyuta yanga kuyenda mwachangu.
Tiyeni Tipitirize! Mitundu yamapu amalingaliro ndi awa:
Zolemba mwatsatanetsatane
Zimapangidwa kuyambira pachiyambi. Izi nthawi zonse zimapezeka pamalo oyamba, ndiye kuti, kumtunda. Kuchokera mmenemo, malingaliro osiyanasiyana omwe amapangidwa kapena zinthu zina zomwe mutuwo umachokera, nthawi zonse poganizira momwe ulamuliro uliwonse ulili.
Kangaude
Pa mapu ofanana ndi kangaude, mutu wapakatikati uli pakatikati pa nyumbayo, ndipo malingaliro ake ndi malingaliro omwe ali ndiulamuliro wotsikitsitsa. Autilaini yamtunduwu ndi yomwe imawoneka ngati Kangaude.
Tchati cha Gulu
Pamapu awa, chidziwitso cha malingalirowa chimaperekedwa munthawi yofanana. Izi zimakhazikitsa njira yowonera kapena kuwerenga kwanu. Mwanjira imeneyi, chilichonse chomwe chikuwonetsedwa pamapu amtunduwu chimakhala chomveka bwino.
Zokhudza
Zofanana kwambiri ndi tchati cha mtundu wa mapu amalingaliro. Komabe, mawonekedwe amapangidwe ake amalola anthu kupanga nthambi zina zomwe zimalola malingaliro kapena malingaliro atsopano kuphatikizidwa.
Zosiyanasiyana
Zimapangidwa kuyambira pamtundu wamtundu, wazithunzi ziwiri kapena zitatu, zochokera pakupanga kwa tchati cha bungwe.
Osakondera
Amatha kupangidwa kuyambira pazinthu zomwe zatchulidwa kale pamwambapa. Koma lingaliro lirilonse kapena lemba lomwe limatuluka limachokera kuzolumikizira zosiyana kapena mapu amalingaliro. Chifukwa chake imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso mkati mwake.
Onani izi: Momwe mungapangire mapu amalingaliro amanjenje
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mapu amalingaliro ndi mapu amalingaliro
| MAPAMPHAMVU | MAPU ACHIKHALIDWE |
| Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza malingaliro omwe adapangidwa mkati. | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndikuimira zomwe ziripo kale. Malingaliro amapangidwa kunja kwambiri |
| Zimayimira ntchito ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. | Amakhala ndi mitu yamaphunziro, chifukwa chake ntchito yawo imakhala yovomerezeka. |
| Imawonetsedwa ndi mawu kapena chithunzi pakatikati pa mapu ndi malingaliro ofanana ogawidwa | Ili m'ndondomeko yofananira, ndikuyika mutu waukulu pamwamba pamapu ndi malingaliro ena pansipa. |
| Imawonetsa mutu womwe pamatuluka timitu tingapo. | Mitu imakhala ndi maubale angapo komanso maulalo olumikizana. |
Ubwino wamapu amalingaliro
- Mapu amalingaliro ndi chida chofunikira chophatikizira, ndi njira yofulumira pamutu uliwonse. Ndiwonetsedwe koyenera ka kuphunzira mwachangu komanso kopindulitsa, chifukwa chake aliyense amene adzagwiritse ntchito adzapindula kwambiri.
- Amadziwika ndi kuphweka kwake komanso kusintha kwake pamutu uliwonse. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamunda uliwonse, kuchokera pagawo la maphunziro, ntchito, moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi ena.
- Imalimbikitsa kuphunzira mwadongosolo pokhazikitsa malingaliro ndi kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kudzera pakuphatikizika.
- Zimasangalatsa kufunafuna chidziwitso, popeza munthuyo ayenera kufunsa osiyanasiyana kuti apeze kulumikizana ndi malingaliro ndikupereka zomwe zili zolondola.
- Imathandizira owerenga kumvetsetsa ndikusanthula maluso; kuphatikiza pakukula kwazithunzithunzi chifukwa cha kapangidwe kamene kamayenera kukhazikitsidwa.
pozindikira
- Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe omwe akuwonetsedwa, amathandizira kumvetsetsa mitu.
- Imafotokozera mwachidule chidziwitsocho pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro atsopano ndi akale.
- Limbikitsani kulingalira ndi kuwerenga kumvetsetsa.
- Lonjezani malingaliro ndi ubale pakati pawo.
- Zimalimbikitsa luso laumunthu.
- Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magwero ndi kufananiza malingaliro kumakulitsa chidziwitso.
- Imawonetsa owonera kuti ndizosavuta bwanji kuphunzira mitu ina.
- Kukula kosavuta ndikukhazikitsa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ntchito, maphunziro, zaumoyo ndi zina zambiri.