Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (Ohmmeter, Ammeter, Voltmeter)

Kwa aliyense wokonda zosangalatsa, wophunzira zamagetsi, zamagetsi kapena zina zofananira, maloto ake ndi kukhala ndi zida zawo zoyezera. Nthawi zina, ophunzitsidwa amakhala ndi zida zopanda pake zomwe, m'malo mowathandiza kuphunzira, zimasokoneza zolakwika kapena kuwonetsa zolakwika.  

Nthawi zina, ophunzira amakhala ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri koma, popeza alibe chidziwitso, amalumikizana molakwika, zomwe zimabweretsa kusayenerera kapena kulephera kwa chidacho. Nkhani yonseyi tiwonetsa kagwiritsidwe kake kolondola, kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuwunika kwake.

Kodi zida zoyezera zamagetsi ndi chiyani?

Kuti tichite kafukufuku wamagetsi amagetsi tiyenera kuwayeza ndipo, zowonadi, timalemba. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti aliyense amene angafune kupenda izi kuti akhale ndi zida zodalirika zamagetsi.
Miyeso imapangidwa potengera magawo amagetsi, kutengera momwe alili monga kuthamanga, kuthamanga, mphamvu kapena kutentha. Munkhaniyi tidzadzipereka kuti tiziwerenga zida zoyezera pazinthu zodziwika bwino monga:

• ZOKHUDZA
• CHIYAMBI.
• Voltmeter.

Kodi Ohmmeter ndi chiyani?

Ndi chida choyezera kukana kwamagetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito ubwenzi pakati pa kusiyana komwe kungachitike (Voltage) ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi (Amps) zopangidwa ndi lamulo la Ohm.

Mwa njira, mwina mukufuna kuti muwone mtsogolo Kodi malamulo a Ohm ndi zinsinsi zake akunena chiyani?

Analogeter ya Analog:

Gwiritsani ntchito galvanometer, yomwe ndi mita yamagetsi yamagetsi. Izi zimagwira ngati transducer, kulandila mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yanthawi zonse yomwe imayambitsa kusintha kwa pointer yomwe imawonetsa muyeso kudzera muubwenzi womwe amawerengedwa ndi Lamulo la Ohm. (Onani nkhani yamalamulo a Ohm). Penyani chithunzi 2

Intaneti Ohmmeter:

Poterepa simugwiritsa ntchito galvanometer, m'malo mwake gwiritsani ntchito ubwenzi ndi chogawanitsa magetsi (chomwe chimadalira sikelo) ndi kupeza kwa ma siginolo (Analog / digito) kutengera kufunika kwa kukana kwa Ubale wamalamulo a Ohm. Onani chithunzi 3

Kulumikizana kwa ohmmeter:

Ohmmeter imagwirizanitsidwa mofanana ndi katundu (onani chithunzi 4), tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nsonga ya chidacho chili m'malo abwino (Malangizo opukutidwa kapena akuda amachititsa zolakwika). Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kupezeka kwa kusiyana komwe kumachitika ndi batire lamkati la chida.

Masitepe oyesa muyeso wolondola ndi zida zoyezera zamagetsi:

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muchite izi kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino pamiyeso yanu:

Kuyang'anira ndi kuyesa kutsogolera:

Mu zida za analogue chinali choyenera kuchita kuwerengera ndikuwunika maupangiri, koma mu zida zama digito zomwe mwamaganizidwe zimangokhalapo zokha, pali zifukwa zomwe kuwerengera kumeneku kumatha, m'malo moyendetsa (ngati zonse sizolondola), kutulutsa zolakwika kapena zolakwika pamiyeso. Timalimbikitsa kuti tizichita nthawi iliyonse yomwe tikufuna muyeso, tsimikizani kuchuluka kwa chida:

Chizindikiro:

Gawo ili ndilofunikira koma koyambirira kuti muwerenge kuwerenga ndi malire ochepa olakwika (timalimbikitsa kuti tizichita pafupipafupi), zimangokhala pakuphatikizira maupangiri a chida chomwe chimakakamiza muyeso wa +/- 0 Ω monga zikuwonetsedwa pa chithunzi 5

Tiyenera kutsindika kuti kupeza chifukwa cha izi Kusanthula 0 is ndibwino, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti maupangiri owerengera amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamkuwa (poganiza kuti owongolera abwino) koma pochita zonse otsogolera amakana, monga maupangiri (nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, akatswiri ndi amkuwa osamba a siliva), komabe sizikutsimikizira zotsatira zopitilira 0.2 Ω +/- kuchuluka (%) pakulondola kwa chida.
Kupereka mtengo wapamwamba timalimbikitsa: sambani malangizowo, yang'anani kuyerekezera kwa chida ndi malo ovuta kwambiri, momwe batire la chida chake lilili.

Chida Chazida Chazida:

Pachiyeso ichi tikukulimbikitsani kukhala ndi muyezo, mwachitsanzo, wotsutsa wa 100 with wokhala ndi kulolerana kopitilira +/- 1% mwanjira ina:
R Max = 100 Ω + (100Ω x 0.01) = 101 Ω
R min = 100 Ω - (100Ω x 0.01) = 99 Ω
Tsopano ngati pakadali pano tiwonjezera zolakwika pakuwerenga (zimatengera mtundu ndi Ohmmeter), nthawi zambiri chida cha digito cha Fluke 117 pamiyeso yamagalimoto (0 - 6 M Ω) ndi +/- 0.9% [ 2], titha kukhala ndi njira zotsatirazi:
R Max = 101 Ω + (101Ω x 0.009) = 101,9 Ω
R min = 99 Ω - (99Ω x 0.009) = 98,1 Ω
Zachidziwikire, zotsatirazi ndizocheperako, popeza momwe zachilengedwe (chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika ndi miyezo) ndi zolakwika zero sizinaganiziridwe, koma ngakhale zili zonse izi tiyenera kukhala ndi mtengo wofananira.
Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito chida chokhala ndi magalimoto, ndibwino kuti muyike muyeso yoyandikira kwambiri.

Pazithunzi 6 timawona ma multimeter awiri (ndi chida chonse-chimodzi) pankhaniyi chiwopsezo cha 2 chimayenda chokha ndipo UNI-T UT117C muyenera kusankha sikelo yoyandikira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa multimeter wa UNI-T wotchedwa UT-38c [39] pa chekechi tikulimbikitsidwa 3 Ω

Chenjezo mukamagwiritsa ntchito Ohmmeter ngati chida choyezera magetsi:

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino chida choyezera tikupangira izi:

1. Kuti muchite zoyezera ndi Ohmmeter muyenera kuzimitsa zamagetsi.
2. Monga momwe zidafotokozedwera kale m'mbuyomu, mayeso amatsogolera cheke ndipo cheke chakuwerengetsa chikuyenera kuchitika asanayese.
3. Kuti mupeze muyeso wolondola, ndibwino kuti muchepetse osachepera chimodzi mwazomwe zimatsutsana kapena chinthucho, potero mungapewe vuto lililonse lofananira.

Ikhoza kukuthandizani: Mphamvu ya Chilamulo cha Watt

Ammeter ndi chiyani?

Ammeter amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kukula kwa mafunde amagetsi mu nthambi kapena njira yamagetsi yamagetsi.

Ammeter ofanana:

Ammeters ali ndi kukana kwamkati kotchedwa shunt (RS), makamaka ili pansi pa 1 ohm mwatsatanetsatane, ili ndi cholinga chochepetsera mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizira mofananira ndi galvanometer. Onani chithunzi 7.

Ameter digito:

Monga ammeter wofananira, imagwiritsa ntchito shunt kukana mofanana ndi sikelo, koma m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito galvanometer, kupeza kwa siginolo kumachitika (analog / digito), imagwiritsa ntchito zosefera zotsika pang'ono kuti zisamve phokoso.

Masitepe oyesa muyeso wolondola ndi Ammeter ngati chida choyezera magetsi:

• The ammeter imagwirizanitsidwa mndandanda (ndi jumper) ku katundu monga momwe tawonetsera pa chithunzi 9

• Ndikofunika kuti kulumikizana ndi gwero lamagetsi kuzimitsidwe poyika ammeter pamlingo wa Maximum ndikutsitsa sikeloyo mpaka ifike pamlingo woyenera.
• Nthawi zonse amalimbikitsidwa kuti muwone momwe Battery ndi ma fuse asanakwane.

Kusamala mukamagwiritsa ntchito Ammeter ngati chida choyezera magetsi:

• Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti Ammeter imadalira kukana kwa shunt mofananamo mwanjira ina kuti kutayika kwamkati kumakhala 0 1 poganiza (pakuchita kumangodalira sikelo) koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepera XNUMX Ω kotero sayenera kulumikizidwa ku PARALLEL.
• Ndikofunikira kuwunika lama fuyusi otetezera ndipo osayika mtengo wokwera kuposa womwe udalangizidwa.

Kodi Voltmeter ndi chiyani?

El Voltmeter Ndi chida chogwiritsira ntchito kuyerekezera komwe kungakhalepo pakati pama point awiri pamagetsi amagetsi.

Voltmeter ya analog:

Amakhala ndi galvanometer yokhala ndi mitundu yotsutsana pomwe mtengo wake udalira pamlingo wosankhidwa, onani chithunzi 10

Intaneti Voltmeter:

Voltmeter ya digito ili ndi mfundo zofananira ndi voltmeter ya analog, kusiyana ndikuti galvanometer imalowetsedwa ndi kulimbana, ndikupanga dera logawanitsa magetsi ndi ubale wofanana.

Kulumikiza kwa Voltmeter:

Voltmeters ali ndi vuto lalikulu pamalingaliro amakhala opanda malire pochita zomwe amakhala nazo pafupifupi 1M Ω (zachidziwikire zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi sikelo), kulumikizana kwawo kuli kofanana monga kukuwonetsedwa pa chithunzi 12

Masitepe oyesa muyeso wolondola ndi Voltmeter ngati chida choyezera magetsi:

A. Nthawi zonse ikani Voltmeter pamlingo waukulu kwambiri (kuti mutetezedwe) ndipo pang'onopang'ono muchepetse kufika pamlingo wapafupi kuposa muyeso.
B. Nthawi zonse onetsetsani momwe batire la chidacho chilili (ndi batiri lotulutsidwa limatulutsa zolakwika).
C. Onetsetsani momwe polowera mayeso akuyendera, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulemekeze mtundu wazoyeserera (+ Wofiira) (- Wakuda).
D. Pazoyipa ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikonzeke ku (-) kapena malo oyang'anira madera ndikusinthanso mayeso oyeserera (+).
E. Tsimikizani ngati muyeso wamagetsi woyenera ndi DC (Direct current) kapena AC (Alternating current).

Chenjezo mukamagwiritsa ntchito Voltmeter ngati chida choyezera magetsi:

Ma voltmeters amakhala ndi sikelo yayikulu (600V - 1000V) nthawi zonse amayamba kuwerenga pamlingo uwu (AC / DC).
Timakumbukira kuti miyezo yake ikufanana (mndandanda zingayambitse dera lotseguka) onani mutu wa malamulo a ohm.

Malangizo Omaliza a Zida Zoyesera Zamagetsi

Kwa aliyense wotengeka, wophunzira kapena waluso pankhani zamagetsi, magetsi ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zida zoyezera, kuyerekezera kwawo ndikofunikira kuti athe kuwunika ndi kuwunika maluso. Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito multimeter tengani mwachizolowezi cheke cha kusintha kwa Ohmmeter, popeza mu zida izi (zonse m'modzi), magawo onse amalumikizidwa mwanjira ina (batri, maupangiri, ma ammeters ndi voltmeter yoyezera mitundu yotsutsana pakati pa ena).

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeserera zida zoyezera zamagetsi Ohmmeter, Ammeter ndi Voltmeter ndikofunikira kutero nthawi zonse chifukwa chodziwa kuti sitikuchita ndipo mwatsoka kukhala ndi chida chosafunikira, kungatipatse zizindikilo zabodza zolephera kapena kuwerenga zolakwika.

Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yoyambirirayi ndi yothandiza, tikudikira ndemanga zanu ndi kukayika kwanu.