Mphamvu Yamalamulo a Kirchhoff
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (Königsberg, Marichi 12, 1824-Berlin, Okutobala 17, 1887) anali wasayansi waku Germany, yemwe zopereka zake zazikulu zasayansi pamalamulo odziwika a Kirchhoff zimayang'ana kwambiri pamagawo azamagetsi, malingaliro a mbale, Optics, spectroscopy komanso kutulutsa kwa utoto wakuda. " [m'modzi]
"Malamulo a Kirchhoff" [2] amawerengedwa kuti ndi magetsi komanso maubale apakati pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi.
Awa ndi malamulo awiri osavuta, koma "amphamvu", popeza pamodzi ndi Lamulo la Ohm Amaloleza kuthana ndi maukonde amagetsi, izi ndi kudziwa zikhalidwe za mafunde ndi ma voltages azinthu, motero kudziwa momwe zinthu zilili ndi maukonde zomwe zimangokhala.
Tikukupemphani kuti muwone nkhani ya Lamulo la Ohm ndi zinsinsi zake
MAGANIZO OTSOGOLERA Lamulo la Kirchhoff:
Mu netiweki yamagetsi zinthu zimatha kulumikizidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera kufunikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki. Pofufuza ma netiweki, terminology imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mfundo kapena mfundo, ma meshes ndi nthambi. Onani chithunzi 1.
Magetsi Network mulamulo la Kirchhoff:
Dera lopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga ma mota, ma capacitors, kukana, pakati pa ena.
Mfundo:
Kulumikiza pakati pazinthu. Ikuyimiridwa ndi mfundo.
Rama:
Nthambi ya netiweki ndi yomwe imawongolera momwe magetsi amodzimodzi amayendera. Nthambi nthawi zonse imakhala pakati pama mfundo awiri. Nthambi zikuyimiridwa ndi mizere.
Thumba:
Msewu watsekedwa mozungulira.
Chithunzi 2 pali netiweki yamagetsi yokhala ndi:
- Chithunzi 2 (a) mauna awiri: mauna oyamba kupanga njira ya ABCDA, ndipo mauna achiwiri akupanga njira ya BFECB. Ndi ma Node awiri (2) pamfundo B ndi mfundo yodziwika DCE.
- Chithunzi 2 (b) mutha kuwona ma meshes 1 ndi 2.
-FIRST LAW OF KIRCHOFF "Law of Currents kapena Law of Node"
Lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff limanena kuti "Kuchuluka kwa ma algebraic pazomwe zilipo pakadali pano sikuli zero" [3]. Masamu amaimiridwa ndi mawuwa (onani njira 1):
Kuyika Lamulo Lapano la Kirchhoff amaganiziridwa "Zabwino" mafunde akulowa munsinga, ndi "Zoipa" mafunde akutuluka munsinga. Mwachitsanzo, m'chifaniziro 3 pali mfundo yokhala ndi nthambi zitatu, pomwe mphamvu zaposachedwa (if) ndi (i3) zili zabwino kuyambira pomwe amalowa, ndipo mphamvu yake (i1), yomwe imachoka pamalowo, imawoneka ngati yolakwika; Chifukwa chake, pamfundo yapa 2, malamulo apano a Kirchhoff akhazikitsidwa ngati:
Zindikirani - Chiwerengero cha algebraic: ndikuphatikiza kuphatikiza ndikuchotsa manambala athunthu. Njira imodzi yowonjezeretsa algebraic ndikuwonjezera manambala abwino kupatula manambala osayenerera ndikuwachotsa. Chizindikiro cha zotsatira chimadalira kuti ndi manambala ati (abwino kapena olakwika ndi akulu).
Malamulo a Kirchhoff, lamulo loyambilira limatengera lamulo losungira ndalama, zomwe zikuti kuchuluka kwa algebraic yamagetsi yamagetsi pamagetsi yamagetsi sikusintha. Chifukwa chake, palibe chindapusa chomwe chimasungidwa munkhokwe, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mafunde amagetsi omwe amalowa munfundo ndi ofanana ndi mafunde omwe amachoka:
Mwinamwake mungakhale ndi chidwi: Mphamvu ya Chilamulo cha Watt
-LAMULO LACHIWIRI LA KIRCHHOFF "Lamulo la Zovuta "
Lamulo lachiwiri la a Kirchhoff limanena kuti "kuchuluka kwa ma algebra omwe amakhala pamavuto obisika ndi zero" [3]. Masamu amaimiridwa ndi mawu awa: (onani chilinganizo 3)
Pachithunzi chachinayi pali thumba lamagetsi lamagetsi: Zimadziwika kuti "i" wapano amazungulira maunawo mozungulira.
-KUTHETSA KUCHITA ZOCHITIKA NDI MALAMULO A KIRCHHOFF
Njira zambiri
- Perekani mtsinje ku nthambi iliyonse.
- Lamulo lamakono la Kirchhoff limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagawo oyandikira osachotsa amodzi.
- Dzina ndi polarity zimayikidwa pamagetsi amagetsi onse.
- Lamulo la Ohm lofotokozera zamagetsi ngati magetsi.
- Maukonde amagetsi amagetsi amatsimikiziridwa ndipo Kirchhoff's Voltage Law imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa thumba lililonse.
- Njira yofanizira yopezeka mwa njira yolowetsamo, lamulo la Cramer, kapena njira ina imathetsedwa.
ZOTHANDIZA ZOTHANDIZA:
Olimbitsa Thupi 1. Pakuti maukonde magetsi amasonyeza:
a) Chiwerengero cha nthambi, b) Chiwerengero cha mfundo, c) Chiwerengero cha ma meshes.
Yankho:
a) Ma netiweki ali ndi nthambi zisanu. Pachiwerengero chotsatirachi nthambi iliyonse imawonetsedwa pakati pa mizere ili ndi madontho nthambi iliyonse:
b) Ma netiweki ali ndi mfundo zitatu, monga zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzipa. Mfundozo zikuwonetsedwa pakati pa mizere yomwe ili ndi madontho:
c) Khoka liri ndi ma mesile atatu, monga zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzipa:
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi 2. Tsimikizani zamakono i ndi voltages za chinthu chilichonse
Solution:
Maukonde amagetsi ndi mauna, pomwe mphamvu imodzi yamasiku ano imazungulira yomwe imadziwika kuti "i". Kuti muthane ndi netiweki yamagetsi gwiritsani ntchito Lamulo la Ohm pa aliyense wotsutsana ndi malamulo amagetsi a Kirchhoff pa mesh.
Lamulo la Ohm limanena kuti magetsiwa ndi ofanana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi phindu lodana ndi magetsi:
Chifukwa chake, pakukaniza R1, voteji VR1 Es:
Pokana R2, voteji VR2 Es:
Kugwiritsa ntchito Lamulo la Voltage la Kirchhoff pa mauna, ndikupangitsa kuti njirayo iziyenda mozungulira:
Kuchotsa mavutowa tili nawo:
Mawuwa adutsa ndi chizindikiro choloza mbali ina yofanana, ndipo mphamvu zomwe zikuchitika pano zikuwonekera:
Miyezo yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zimasinthidwa:
Mphamvu yazomwe zikuyenda kudzera pa netiweki ndi: ine = 0,1 A.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yotsutsana ndi R1 Es:
Mphamvu yamagetsi yotsutsana ndi R2 Es:
Zotsatira:
MAFUNSO kwa lamulo la Kirchhoff
Kafukufuku wa Malamulo a Kirchhoff (Malamulo amakono a Kirchhoff, malamulo a magetsi a Kirchhoff), limodzi ndi Lamulo la Ohm, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika magetsi aliwonse.
Ndi lamulo lamakono la Kirchhoff lomwe limanena kuti kuchuluka kwa ma algebraic of the node ndi zero, ndipo lamulo lamagetsi lomwe limawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma algebraic of the mesh ndi zero, maubale pakati pamafunde ndi ma voltages amadziwika pamaneti aliwonse amagetsi wa zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo.
Con el amplio uso de la electricidad en la industria, comercio, hogares, entre otros, las Leyes de Kirchhoff se utilizan diariamente para el estudio de infinidades de redes y sus aplicaciones.
Tikukupemphani kuti musiye ndemanga zanu, kukayikira kapena kupempha gawo lachiwiri la Lamulo lofunika kwambiri la KIRCHOFF ndipo zowonadi mutha kuwona zolemba zathu zam'mbuyomu monga Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (Ohmmeter, Voltmeter ndi Ammeter)