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Ike nke Iwu Kirchhoff

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (Königsberg, Machị 12, 1824-Berlin, Ọktoba 17, 1887) bụ onye dibia bekee nke German, onye isi ihe sayensi nyere ya na iwu Kirchhoff a ma ama lebara anya na mpaghara elekere elektrik, tiori, ngwa anya, igwe nyocha. na-acha ọcha n'ahụ radieshon emission. " [otu]

"Iwu Kirchhoff" [2] ka a na-ewere dị ka voltaji na mmekọrịta dị ugbu a n'etiti ihe dị iche iche nke netwọkụ eletriki.

Ha bụ ndị abụọ dị mfe iwu, ma "ike", ebe ọnụ na Iwu Ohm Ha na-enye ohere iji dozie netwọk eletriki, nke a bụ ịmata ụkpụrụ nke okwukwo na voltages nke ihe ndị ahụ, si otú a mara omume nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ ma na-agafe agafe nke netwọk.

Anyị na-akpọ gị òkù ka ị hụ isiokwu nke Iwu Ohm na ihe nzuzo ya

Iwu Ohm na ihe nzuzo ya na-ekpuchi
citeia.com

NKỌRỌ BASIC Iwu Kirchhoff:

Na netwọk eletrik enwere ike ijikọ ihe dị iche iche dịka mkpa na ịba uru nke netwọkụ. Maka ọmụmụ nke netwọkụ, a na-eji okwu eji eme ihe dị ka ọnụ ma ọ bụ ọnụ, meshes na ngalaba. Lee ọgụgụ 1.

Ntanetị eletriki na iwu Kirchhoff:

Circuit nke nwere ihe dị iche iche dịka moto, ikike, nguzogide, na ndị ọzọ.

Ọnụ:

Isi njikọ dị n’etiti ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe. E ji ihe atụ gosipụta ya.

Rama:

Alaka nke netwọkụ bụ onye na-eduzi ya nke eletrik eletrik nke otu ike si agbasa. Alaka dị mgbe etiti abụọ. Alaka na-anọchi anya ahịrị.

Ntupu:

Emechiri okporo ụzọ.

Ihe nke netwọk eletriki
Nyocha 1 Elements nke netwọkụ eletriki (https://citeia.com/)

Na onu ogugu 2 enwere netwoki eletrik nwere:

  • Na onu ogugu 2 (a) uzo abuo: ntupu nke mbu na eme uzo ABCDA, na uzo abuo na eme uzo BFECB. Na ọnụ (2) ọnụ na isi nke B na isi okwu DCE.
netwọk eletriki 2 meshes nke iwu Kirchhoff
Nyocha 2 (A) 2-ntupu, 2-ọnụ eletriki netwọk (https://citeia.com)
  • Na onu ogugu 2 (b) i nwere ike ihu meshes 1 na 2.
Ike okporo meshes
Nyocha 2 B Meshes nke netwọk eletriki (https://citeia.com)

-Nke izizi nke KIRCHOFF "Iwu nke ugbua ma obu Iwu nke Node"

Iwu nke mbụ Kirchhoff kwuru na "Mkpokọta algebraic nke ike ugbu a na ọnụ bụ efu" [3]. Mgbakọ na mwepụ na-anọchi anya ya na okwu ahụ (lee usoro 1):

Nchịkọta algebraic nke ugbua na ọnụ bụ efu
Formula 1 "Mkpokọta algebraic nke ike ugbu a na-efu efu"

Itinye Kirchhoff iwu ugbu a a na-atụle ha "Ezigbo" iyi na-abanye n’okporo, na "Njọ" okwukwo mmiri na-apụta site na ọnụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ 3 enwere ọnụ ọnụ nwere ngalaba 3, ebe ike ugbu a (ma ọ bụrụ) na (i1) dị mma ebe ọ bụ na ha banyere ọnụ ahụ, ike ugbu a (i2), nke na-ahapụ ọnụ ahụ, na-ewere dị njọ; Yabụ, maka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị na 1, iwu nke Kirchhoff guzobere ugbu a dị ka:

Kirchhoff iwu ugbu a
Nyocha 3 Kirchhoff iwu ugbu a (https://citeia.com)
Rịba ama - Algebraic nchikota: ọ bụ ngwakọta nke mgbakwunye na mwepu nke nọmba niile. Otu ụzọ ị ga - esi tinye mgbakwunye algebra bụ ịgbakwunye nọmba dị mma na - abụghị nọmba na - adịghị mma wee wepụ ha. Ihe ịrịba ama nke nsonaazụ ahụ dabere na ọnụọgụgụ (nke ziri ezi ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma ka ukwuu).

Na Iwu Kirchhoff, iwu mbụ dabere na iwu nke nchekwa nke ụgwọ, nke na-ekwu na nchịkọta algebraic nke ụgwọ eletriki n'ime netwọk eletriki anaghị agbanwe agbanwe. Ya mere, ọ dịghị ụgwọ net a na-echekwa na ọnụ, ya mere, ngụkọta nke ọkụ eletrik na-abanye ọnụ ọnụ na nha nke ugbua na-ahapụ ya:

Iwu mbụ Kirchhoff gbadoro ụkwụ na iwu nchekwa nchekwa
Ulakpụrụ 2 Iwu mbụ Kirchhoff gbadoro ụkwụ na iwu nchekwa nchekwa

Ikekwe i nwere ike inwe mmasị: Ike nke Watt's Law

Iwu Watt (Ngwa - Mmega ahụ) mkpuchi akwụkwọ
citeia.com

Ngwa igwe eletrik (Ohmmeter, Ammeter, Voltmeter) mkpuchi akwụkwọ
citeia.com

-Iwu nke abụọ nke KIRCHHOFF "Iwu nke esemokwu "

Iwu nke abụọ nke Kirchhoff kwuru na "nchịkọta algebra nke nrụgide gbara n'okporo ụzọ mechiri emechi bụ efu" [3]. Mgbakọ na mwepụ na-anọchi anya ya na okwu: (lee usoro 3)

Iwu nke Esemokwu
Usoro 2 Iwu nke Esemokwu

Na onu ogugu 4 enwere netwoki eletriki nke ntupu: O guzobere na ugbua “i” na-agbasa na ntupu na uzo ozo.

netwọk eletriki nke ntupu
Nyocha 4 netwọk ntanetị nke ntupu (https://citeia.com)

- Mkpebi nke mmega ahụ na iwu KIRCHHOFF

General usoro

  • Nye otu alaka iyi.
  • A na-etinye iwu nke Kirchhoff ugbu a na mpaghara sekit mwepu otu.
  • A na-etinye aha na polarity na volta nke ike eletrik ọ bụla.
  • Iwu Ohm iji gosipụta voltaji dịka ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik.
  • A na-ekpebi akụkụ nke netwọk eletriki na Kirchhoff's Volta Iwu na-etinye na ntupu ọ bụla.
  • Gbanwee usoro ihe nha nke e nwetara site na usoro ngbanwe, iwu Cramer, ma obu usoro ozo.

MGBE ECHICHE:

Ihe omume 1. Maka netwọk eletrik na-egosi:
a) Ọnụ ọgụgụ alaka, b) Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnụ, c) Ọnụọgụ meshes.

Iwu Kirchhoff
Nyocha 5 Nlekọta eletriki 1 na-emega ahụ (https://citeia.com)

Ngwọta:

a) Netwọk nwere ngalaba ise. N'ihe na-esonụ, a na-egosi alaka ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla n'etiti akara akara nwere ngalaba ọ bụla:

Eletrik eletrik nwere alaka ise
Nyocha 6: Eletrik eletrik nwere alaka ise (https://citeia.com)

b) Netwọk nwere ato ato, dika egosiri na onu ogugu a. A na - egosipụta ọnụ ahụ n’etiti ahịrị ntụpọ:

Circuit ma ọ bụ netwọk eletrik nwere ọnụ atọ
Nyocha 7 Circuit ma ọ bụ netwọk eletrik nwere ọnụ atọ (https://citeia.com)

c) Thegbụ ahụ nwere meshes 3, dịka egosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-esonụ:

Circuit ma ọ bụ netwọk eletrik na 3 Meshes
Nyocha 8 ma ọ bụ netwọk eletrik na 3 Meshes (https://citeia.com)

Omume 2. Kpebisie ike ugbu a na voltages nke ihe ọ bụla

Mgbatị iji chọpụta ugbu a m na voltages nke ihe ọ bụla
Nyocha 9 Nlekọta 2 (https://citeia.com)

Ngwọta:

Netwọk eletriki bụ ntupu, ebe otu ike nke ugbu a na-agagharị nke akpọrọ "i". Iji dozie igwe eletriki eletrik tinye Iwu Ohm na onye ọ bụla na-eguzogide na iwu Kirchhoff nke voltaji na ntupu.

Iwu Ohm na-ekwu na voltage dị nha ike nke oge eletrik oge uru nke nguzogide ahụ:

Iwu Ohm
Usoro 3 Ohm's Iwu

N'ihi ya, maka iguzogide R1, voltaji VR1 es:           

Voltaji R1 usoro kirchhoff iwu
Formula 4 Voltaji R1

Maka iguzogide R2, voltaji VR2 es:

Voltaji VR2 kwa ohm iwu
Formula 5 Voltaji VR2

Itinye Kirchhoff's Voltaji Iwu na ntupu, na-eme njem ahụ n'otu ụzọ elekere:

Itinye Kirchhoff's Voltaji Iwu na ntupu,
Usoro 6 itinye Iwu Kirchhoff Voltaji na ntupu,

Na-agbanwe voltages ndị a anyị nwere:

Iwu Volch nke Kirchhoff na ntupu
Ulakpụrụ 7 Kirchhoff's Voltaji Iwu na ntupu

A gafere akara ahụ na akara dị mma n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke nha anya, ma kpochapụrụ ike ugbu a:

Mkpokọta ugbu a n'usoro sekit site na iwu ntupu na iwu Kirchhoff
8kpụrụ XNUMX Total ugbu a na usoro circuit site ntupu iwu

A na-agbanwe ụkpụrụ nke isi iyi ọkụ na nrụgide eletriki:

Total ike ugbu a na usoro sekit
Ulakpụrụ 9 Ike ugbu a n'usoro usoro

Ike nke ugbu a na-agafe na netwọk bụ: m = 0,1 A

The voltaji gafee resistor R1 es:

Guzogide voltaji VR1
Formula 10 Nguzogide Voltaji VR1

The voltaji gafee resistor R2 es:

Guzogide voltaji VR2
Formula 11 Nguzogide Voltaji VR2

N'ihi:

AKCKỌ Nye iwu Kirchhoff

Ọmụmụ banyere Iwu Kirchhoff (iwu Kirchhoff dị ugbu a, iwu ike Kirchhoff), yana Iwu Ohm, bụ ntọala bụ isi maka nyocha nke netwọkụ eletriki ọ bụla.

Site na iwu Kirchhoff dị ugbu a nke na-ekwu na ọnụọgụ algebraic nke iyi na ọnụ bụ efu, na iwu volta nke na-egosi na ngụkọta nke algebraic nke voltages na ntupu bụ efu, enwere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti iyi na volta na netwọkụ eletriki ọ bụla. nke ihe abuo ma obu karia.

Con el amplio uso de la electricidad en la industria, comercio, hogares, entre otros, las Leyes de Kirchhoff se utilizan diariamente para el estudio de infinidades de redes y sus aplicaciones.

Anyị na-akpọ gị oku ka ị hapụ azịza gị, obi abụọ ma ọ bụ rịọ nke abụọ nke iwu KIRCHOFF a dị oke mkpa na n'ezie ị pụrụ ịhụ anyị gara aga posts dị ka Ngwa igwe eletrik (Ohmmeter, Voltmeter na Ammita)

Ngwa igwe eletrik (Ohmmeter, Ammeter, Voltmeter) mkpuchi akwụkwọ
citeia.com

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