No kēlā me kēia hobbyist, haumāna o ka uila, uila a i ʻole nā pā e pili ana, ʻo ka moeʻuhane ka loaʻa ʻana o kā lākou mau mea ana ponoʻī. I kekahi mau hihia, loaʻa i nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā mea pono maikaʻi loa o ka pono, ma kahi o ke kōkua ʻana iā lākou e aʻo, hoʻopīpī i nā hewa a hōʻike i nā ana hewa ʻole.
I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, loaʻa nā haumāna i nā mea kani o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa akā, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻike, hana lākou i nā pilina hewa, i hopena i kahi kūlike ʻole a i ʻole hoʻokō ʻole i ka mea kani. Ma loko o kēia ʻatikala e hōʻike ana mākou i kāna hoʻohana pololei, nā noi a me ka hōʻoia o kāna hoʻoponopono ʻana.
He aha nā mea kani uila?
E hoʻokō i kahi hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hōʻailona uila pono mākou e ana iā lākou a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻopaʻa lākou iā lākou. He mea nui loa ia no kēlā me kēia mea e makemake e kālailai i kēia mau phenomena e loaʻa nā meahana pono uila uila.
Hana ʻia nā ana ma muli o nā palena uila, e like me kā lākou waiwai e like me ke kaomi, kahe, ka ikaika a me ka mahana. Ma kēia ʻatikala e hoʻolaʻa iā mākou iā mākou iho i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea ana no nā palena maʻamau maʻamau e like me:
- KA Ohmmeter.
- KA Ammeter.
- ʻO Voltmeter.
He aha ka Ohmmeter?
He mea kani ia no ke ana ʻana i ka pale uila. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka pili ma waena o ka ʻokoʻa hiki (Voltage) a me ka ikaika o kēia manawa (Amps) i hoʻomohala ʻia e ke kānāwai ʻo Ohm.
Ma ke ala makemake paha ʻoe e ʻike ma hope He aha ka ʻōlelo a ke kānāwai a Ohm a me kāna mau mea huna?
ʻO ka Analog Ohmmeter:
E hoʻohana i kahi galvanometer, kahi mika o kēia manawa uila. Hana ia e like me kahi transducer, ke loaʻa nei ka uila i kēia manawa me ka uila mau e hoʻololi i kahi kuhikuhi e kuhikuhi ana i ke ana ma o ka pilina i helu ʻia e Kānāwai ʻo Ohm. (E ʻike i ka ʻatikala kānāwai a Ohm). Nānā kiʻi 2
ʻO Digital Ohmmeter:
I kēia hihia ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka galvanometer, ma kahi o a pili me ka hoʻokaʻawale uila (e pili ana i ka pālākiō) a me kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona (Analog / digital) e lawe ana i ka waiwai o ke kūʻē ʻana e ka Pili pili kānāwai ʻo Ohm. E nānā i ke kiʻi 3
Pili ʻommmmeter:
Pili ka Ohmmeter i ka like o ka ukana (ʻike i ke kiʻi 4), koi ʻia ka piko o ka mea kani i nā kūlana maikaʻi (Sulphated a haumia paha nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kū i ke ana ʻana). He mea nui e hōʻike i ka hoʻolako ʻia o ka ʻokoʻa hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia e ka pila o loko o ka mea kani.
Nā ʻanuʻu e hana ai i kahi ana kūpono me nā ana pono uila.
Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e hana i kēia mau kaʻina e loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi aʻe i kāu ana.
Hoʻohālikelike a hōʻoia hōʻoia alakaʻi:
I nā mea kani analogue he kuleana ia e hana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, akā i nā mea kani uila ma ke ʻano he akomi, aia kekahi mau kumu i hiki i kēia hoʻoponopono ʻana, ma kahi o ka automate (inā ʻaʻole pololei nā mea āpau), e hana i nā hana hewa ʻole a i nā ana paha. Paipai mākou e hana i kēlā me kēia manawa a mākou e makemake ai i kahi ana, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka mea kani.
Manaʻo kōkua:
He kumu nui kēia kaʻina akā haʻahaʻa e kiʻi i nā heluhelu me ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka hewa (Paipai mākou e hana pinepine), pili wale lākou i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka mea kani e koi ana i ke ana o +/- 0 Ω e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke kiʻi 5
Pono e hoʻonui ʻia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hopena ma kēia 0 Ω kūpono ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ana nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i nā kaula keleawe (i nā mea alakaʻi maikaʻi maikaʻi loa) akā i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mea alakaʻi āpau i ke kūpaʻa ʻana, e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo (hana pinepine ʻia lākou i ke kila kila, ʻo nā mea ʻoihana he keleawe keleawe kālā), akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻāpono i kahi hopena i ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.2 Ω +/- ka pākēneka (%) o ka heluhelu pono ʻana o ka mea kani.
E hāʻawi i kahi waiwai kiʻekiʻe a mākou e paipai nei: hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, nānā i ka helu ʻana o ka mea kani a me ke kiko koʻikoʻi, ke kūlana o ka pākuhi o nā mea kani.
Hōʻailona Calibration Check:
No kēia hōʻike hōʻike mākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hae, no ka laʻana, he resistor 100 Ω me ke ahonui ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o +/- 1% i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe:
ʻO Max Max = 100 Ω + (100Ω x 0.01) = 101 Ω
R min = 100 Ω - (100Ω x 0.01) = 99 Ω
I kēia manawa inā ma kēia kiko mākou e hoʻohui i ka hewa heluhelu mea kani (pili ia i ka mana a me ka maikaʻi o ka Ohmmeter), ʻo ka maʻa mau he Fluke hiʻohiʻona 117 mau mea uila ma ka pālākiō kaulike (0 - 6 M Ω) +/- 0.9% [ 2], no laila hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i ke ana aʻe o nā ana:
ʻO Max Max = 101 Ω + (101Ω x 0.009) = 101,9 Ω
R min = 99 Ω - (99Ω x 0.009) = 98,1 Ω
ʻOiaʻiʻo, pili kēia hopena, ʻoiai nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni (kahi kiko nui no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana me nā hae) a me ka hewa ʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia, akā ʻoiai kēia mau mea āpau e pono ai iā mākou kahi helu kaulike i ke kūlana.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi mea kani auto, pono e waiho iā ia i ke ana ana kokoke i ka hae.
Ma ke kiʻi 6 ʻike mākou i 2 multimita (he mea kani holoʻokoʻa ia) i kēia hihia aia wale nō ka fluke 117 a pono e koho ʻia ka UNI-T UT38C i ka unahi kokoke i ke kumu. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka multimeter brand UNI-T model UT-39c [3] no kēia kaha e noi ʻia 200 Ω
Ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Ohmmeter ma ke ʻano he ana uila.
No ka hoʻohana pololei o kēia ana hana paipai mākou i nā helu aʻe:
- E lawe i nā ana me ka Ohmmeter pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i nā lako mana.
- E like me ka mea i kikoʻī ʻia i ka helu ma mua, hōʻike ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻoia a me ka helu calibration e pono ai e hoʻokō ʻia ma mua o ke ana.
- No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ana kūpono, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi pahu o ke kūʻē ʻana a i ʻole ʻāpana, no laila e pale ana i kekahi impedance i ka like.
Hiki paha iāʻoe ke lilo: Ka Mana o ko Watt Law
He aha ka Ammeter?
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ammeter e ana i ka ikaika o nā kahe uila i kahi lālā a i ʻole node o ke kaapuni uila.
ʻO ka Ammeter analog:
He kūpaʻa kūloko nā ammeters i kapa ʻia ʻo shunt (RS), aia ma lalo o 1 ohm o ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa iā ia ke kumu o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika uila o ka piko e pili ana i ka galvanometer. E nānā i ke kiʻi 7.
ʻO ka ameter uila:
E like me ka ammeter like, hoʻohana ia i ke kūlike kūʻē shunt kūlike i ka pālākiō, akā ma kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi galvanometer, hana ʻia kahi hōʻailona (analog / digital), hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā kānana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pale i ka walaʻau.
Nā ʻanuʻu e hoʻokō ai i kahi ana kūpono me ka Ammeter ma ke ʻano he ana uila.
- Pili ka ammeter i ka moʻo (me kahi jumper) i ka ukana e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke kiʻi 9
- He mea pono e hoʻopau i nā pilina me ke kumu o ka mana ma ke kau ʻana i ka ammeter ma ka pālākiō Maximum a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pālākiō a hiki i ka pālāki i manaʻo ʻia
- Paipai mau ʻia e nānā i ke kūlana o ka pila a me nā fuse ma mua o ke ana ʻana.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Ammeter ma ke ʻano he ana uila.
- He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ka Ammeter e pili ana i ke kūpaʻa shunt i ka like, i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe ka impedance kūloko e 0 Ω i ke kumumanaʻo (i ka hana e pili ana i ka pālākiō) akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 1 Ω no laila ʻaʻole e pili ana ia i PARALLEL.
- He mea nui loa e nānā i ka fuse protection a mai hoʻonoho i kahi waiwai i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia.
He aha ka Voltmeter?
El Voltmeter He mea kani ia e ana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ʻelua helu i kahi kaapuni uila.
ʻO ka voltmeter analog:
Aia ia me kahi galvanometer me kahi kūʻē kūʻē kahi e hilinaʻi ai kāna waiwai i ka pālāki i koho ʻia, e nānā i ke kiʻi 10
ʻO Voltmeter Digital:
Loaʻa i ka voltmeter uila ke kumu like e like me ka voltmeter analog, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ka mea i pani ʻia ka galvanometer e kahi pale, e hana ana i kahi kaapuni hoʻokaʻawale uila me ka pilina kaulike.
Hoʻohui Voltmeter:
Loaʻa ka impedance kiʻekiʻe o Voltmeters i ke kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ka palena ʻole i ka hana a lākou ma ka awelika 1M Ω (ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻokoʻa e like me ka pālākiō), pili like ko lākou pili e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke kiʻi 12
Nā ʻanuʻu e hana ai i kahi ana kūpono me ka Voltmeter ma ke ʻano he ana uila.
H. E hoʻokau mau i ka Voltmeter ma ka pālākiō kiʻekiʻe loa (no ka pale ʻana) a me ka haʻahaʻa e hele ana i ka pālākiō kokoke loa ma mua o ke ana.
B. E hōʻoia mau i ke kūlana o ka pakuhi o ka mea kani (me kahi pakuhi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e hana ana i nā hewa o ke ana).
C. Nānā i ka polarity o nā alakaʻi hoʻāʻo, koi ʻia e mahalo i ke kala o nā alakaʻi hōʻike (+ Red) (- ʻEleʻele).
D. I ka hihia maikaʻi ʻole, paipai ʻia e hoʻoponopono iā ia i (-) a i ʻole kaapuni honua a hoʻololi i ke kēpau hōʻike (+).
E. Hōʻoia inā ʻo ke ana uila i makemake ʻia ʻo DC (Direct current) a i ʻole AC (alternating current).
Ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Voltmeter ma ke ʻano he ana uila.
Loaʻa i nā Voltmeters kahi pae kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (600V - 1000V) e hoʻomaka mau nei e heluhelu i kēia pālākiō (AC / DC).
Hoʻomanaʻo mākou i ka ana o nā ana (i ke kaʻina e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaapuni ākea) ʻike i ke kumuhana kānāwai o ohm.
Nā Manaʻo Hope no nā mea pono uila
No kekahi fanatic, haumāna a mea ʻenehana paha ma nā wahi o ka uila, pono ka uila e ʻike pehea e hoʻohana ai i nā mea hana ana, pono ka hoʻoponopono ʻana e hoʻokō i nā ʻike loiloi a me nā loiloi loea. I ka hihia e hoʻohana ʻoe i ka multimeter e like me ka mau o ke kaha o ka hoʻoponopono Ohmmeter, ʻoiai i kēia mau mea kani (āpau i hoʻokahi), hoʻopili like ʻia nā palena āpau e like me kahi laʻana (pākiko, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, nā ammeters a me ka voltmeter no ke ana ʻana i nā loli kūʻē i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe).
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālikelike no nā mea ana uila uila Ohmmeter, Ammeter a me Voltmeter pono e hana mau ma muli o ko mākou ʻike i ka hana ʻole ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka mea kani i ka calibration, hiki ke hāʻawi iā mākou i nā hōʻailona wahaheʻe o nā hemahema a me nā hemahema heluhelu.
Lana ko mākou manaʻo he kōkua kēia ʻatikala hoʻolauna i ke kumuhana, ke kali nei mākou i kāu mau manaʻo a me nā kānalua.