ʻO Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (Königsberg, Malaki 12, 1824-Berlin, ʻOkakopa 17, 1887) he physicist Kelemania, nona ka hāʻawi ʻepekema nui i nā kānāwai kaulana ʻo Kirchhoff e kia ana i nā kahua o nā kaʻa uila, ke kumumanaʻo o nā pā, optics, spectroscopy a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kino ʻeleʻele. " [ekahi]
"Kirchhoff's Laws" [2] manaʻo ʻia ka uila a me nā pilina o kēia manawa ma waena o nā mea like ʻole o kahi pūnaewele uila.
He mau kānāwai maʻalahi lāua ʻelua, akā "ikaika", ʻoiai pū me ka Kānāwai ʻo Ohm ʻAe lākou e hoʻonā i nā pūnaewele uila, e ʻike kēia i nā waiwai o nā kahe a me nā uila o nā mea, no laila ke ʻike nei i ke ʻano o nā mea hana a passive o ka pūnaewele.
Ke kono aku nei mākou iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻatikala o ʻO ke kānāwai ʻo Ohm a me kāna mau mea huna
NA HANA KUMU Kānāwai ʻo Kirchhoff:
I loko o kahi pūnaewele uila hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā mea i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka pono a me ka pono o ka pūnaewele. No ke aʻo ʻana i nā pūnaewele, hoʻohana ʻia nā huaʻōlelo e like me nā piko a i ʻole nā aka, nā meshes a me nā lālā. E nānā i ke kiʻi 1.
Pūnaewele Uila i ke kānāwai ʻo Kirchhoff:
ʻO ka puni kaapuni o nā mea like ʻole e like me nā motoka, nā capacitor, ke kūpaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Node:
Kahi pilina ma waena o nā kumu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e kahi kiko.
Rama:
ʻO ka lālā o kahi pūnaewele ka mea alakaʻi i kahi e kaʻanalike ai ka uila i ka mea like. Aia kekahi lālā ma waena o ʻelua mau kiko. Hōʻailona nā lālā e nā laina.
Mesh:
Pani ʻia ke ala i kahi kaapuni.
Ma ke kiʻi 2 aia kahi pūnaewele uila me:
- I ke kiʻi 2 (a) ʻelua mau meshes: ʻo ka maka mua e hana ana i ke ala ʻo ABCDA, a ʻo ka lua o ka ʻupena e hana ana i ke ala BFECB. Me ʻelua (2) Node ma ke kiko B a me ka helu maʻamau DCE.
- Ma ke kiʻi 2 (b) hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā meshes 1 a me 2.
-NĀ KĀNĀWAI KĀKĀ O KIRCHOFF "Kānāwai o nā kau a i ʻole Law o nā aka"
Hoʻokumu ke kānāwai mua o Kirchhoff i ka "ʻO ka helu algebraic o nā kahawai i ikaika i ka piko ʻaʻohe" [3]. Hōʻike ʻia ka makemakika e ka ʻōlelo (e nānā i ke ʻano 1):
Noi i ka Kānāwai o Kirchhoff o kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia lākou "Maikaʻi" nā kahawai e komo ana i ka piko, a "Maikaʻi" nā kahe e puka mai ana mai ka piko. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ke kiʻi 3 loaʻa kahi piko me 3 mau lālā, kahi maikaʻi o nā kaha i kēia manawa (inā) a me (i1) mai ko lākou komo ʻana i ka piko, a ʻo ka ikaika i kēia manawa (i2), e haʻalele ana i ka piko, manaʻo ʻia he maikaʻi ʻole; No laila, no ka piko ma ke kiʻi 1, hoʻokumu ʻia ke kānāwai o Kirchhoff e like me:
Kaha - Huina Algebraic: he hui o ka hoʻohui a me ka unuhi o nā helu āpau. ʻO kahi ala e hana ai i ka hoʻohui algebraic ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā helu kūpono ma waho o nā helu maikaʻi ʻole a laila e unuhi iā lākou. Aia ka hōʻailona o ka hopena ma muli o kahi o nā helu (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻole maikaʻi ʻole).
I nā kānāwai o Kirchhoff, kau ʻia ke kānāwai mua ma ke kānāwai mālama i ka uku, e ʻōlelo nei ʻaʻole e loli ka huina kālā algebraic o nā koina uila i loko o kahi pūnaewele uila. No laila, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia kahi ʻupena i nā aka, no laila, ʻo ka huina o nā au uila i komo i kahi piko ua like ia me ka huina o nā kahawai e haʻalele iā ia.
Malia paha hiki iāʻoe ke makemake: Ka Mana o ko Watt Law
-KANAWAI KALUA O KIRCHHOFF "Law of Tensions "
ʻO ke kānāwai ʻelua a Kirchhoff i ʻōlelo ai "ʻo ka helu algebraic o nā mea koʻikoʻi a puni ke ala paʻa he zero" [3]. Hōʻike ʻia ka makemakika e ka huaʻōlelo: (e nānā i ke ʻano 3)
Ma ke kiʻi 4 aia kahi pūnaewele uila o ka ʻupena: hoʻokumu ʻia i ka holo ʻana o kahi "i" i kēia manawa ma ka hei ma kahi ʻeʻe.
-RESOLUTION OF EXERCISES ME NA KANAWAI O KIRCHHOFF
Nā kaʻina hana maʻamau
- E hāʻawi i kahi kahawai i kēlā me kēia lālā.
- Hoʻohana ʻia ko Kirchhoff kānāwai i kēia manawa ma nā aka node i hoʻemi ʻia i hoʻokahi.
- Kau ʻia kahi inoa a me ka polarity ma ka uila o kēlā me kēia kūpaʻa uila.
- He kānāwai ko Ohm e hōʻike ai i ka uila ma ke ʻano he mana o ke au uila.
- Hoʻoholo ʻia nā meshes o ka pūnaewele uila a hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Kirchhoff's Voltage Law i kēlā me kēia mesh.
- ʻO ka ʻōnaehana o nā hoʻohālikelike i loaʻa ʻia e ke ʻano pani, ka lula a Cramer, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano hana e hoʻonā ʻia.
NĀ HOPE I NUI:
Hana 1. No ka pūnaewele uila e hōʻike:
a) Ka helu o nā lālā, b) Ka helu o nā aka, c) Ka helu o nā meshes.
Kōkua:
a) ʻElima mau lālā o ka pūnaewele. I ke kiʻi aʻe ua hōʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia lālā ma waena o nā laina kiko kiko kēlā me kēia lālā.
b) ʻEkolu mau kikowaena o ka pūnaewele, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi aʻe. Hōʻike ʻia nā aka i waena o nā laina kiko.
c) He ʻekolu mau meshes ka upena, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi aʻe:
Hana 2. E hoʻoholo i ka au i a me nā uila o kēlā me kēia meahana
Loaʻa:
ʻO ka pūnaewele uila he mesh, kahi e holo ai ka ikaika hoʻokahi o kēia manawa i koho ʻia ʻo "i". E hoʻonā i ka pūnaewele uila e hoʻopili i ka Kānāwai ʻo Ohm ma kēlā me kēia resistor a me ke kānāwai uila a Kirchhoff ma ka hei.
ʻ stateslelo ke kānāwai ʻo Ohm ua like ka uila me ka ikaika o nā manawa uila i ka waiwai o ke kūpaʻa.
No laila, no ke kūpaʻa R1, ka uila VR1 Es:
No ke kūʻē R2, ka uila VR2 Es:
Ke noi nei i kā Law Voltage a Kirchhoff ma ka maka, e hana ana i ke ala i ka uaki.
Ke hoʻololi nei i kēia mau uila i loaʻa iā mākou:
Ua hala ka huaʻōlelo me kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi i kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kaulike, a ua holoi ʻia ka ikaika o kēia manawa:
Hoʻololi ʻia nā waiwai o ke kumu uila a me nā kūpaʻa uila:
ʻO ka ikaika o kēia kahe e kahe ana ma waena o ka pūnaewele: i = 0,1 A
ʻO ke anakahi ma waena o ka resistor R1 Es:
ʻO ke anakahi ma waena o ka resistor R2 Es:
Hualoaʻa:
NĀ KULA i ke kānāwai o Kirchhoff
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i nā Kānāwai a Kirchhoff (ke kānāwai o Kirchhoff o kēia manawa, ke kānāwai uila a Kirchhoff), me ke kānāwai ʻo Ohm, nā kumu paʻa no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pūnaewele uila.
Me ke kānāwai o Kirchhoff o kēia manawa e hōʻike nei i ka helu algebraic o nā kahe i kahi node he ʻole, a ʻo ke kānāwai uila e hōʻike ana i ka helu algebraic o nā voltages i ka mesh he ʻole, hoʻoholo ʻia nā pilina ma waena o nā kahe a me nā uila i nā pūnaewele uila. o ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau mea.
Con el amplio uso de la electricidad en la industria, comercio, hogares, entre otros, las Leyes de Kirchhoff se utilizan diariamente para el estudio de infinidades de redes y sus aplicaciones.
Ke kono aku nei mākou iā ʻoe e waiho i kāu mau manaʻo, kānalua a noi i kahi ʻāpana ʻelua o kēia KANAWAI KIRCHOFF nui loa a ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kā mākou mau pou i hala Uila ana uila (Ohmmeter, Voltmeter a me Ammeter)