Lissafin sabis na lantarki ya dogara da amfani da wutar lantarkiSabili da haka, yana da matukar amfani fahimtar menene shi, yadda ake auna shi da yadda za a rage amfani dashi ta hanyar amfani da dokar Watt. Bugu da kari, yana da canji na yau da kullun don nazarin hanyoyin sadarwar lantarki, kuma a cikin tsarin na'urorin lantarki.
Masanin kimiyya Watt ya kafa doka, wanda aka sa masa suna, wanda zai bamu damar ƙididdige wannan mahimmin canji. Na gaba, nazarin wannan dokar da aikace-aikacenta.
MAGANGANUN GASKIYA:
- Wuraren lantarki: Haɗin haɗin abubuwa na lantarki ta hanyar da wutar lantarki zata gudana.
- Lantarki halin yanzu: Cajin lantarki ya kwarara a kowane lokaci ta hanyar kayan aiki. Ana auna shi a cikin amps (A).
- Wutar lantarki: Hakanan an san shi da ƙarfin lantarki ko bambancin yuwuwar. Yana da makamashi da ake buƙata don motsa cajin lantarki ta hanyar wani abu. Ana auna shi a cikin volts (V).
- Energia: Ikon yin aiki. Ana auna shi a cikin joule (J), ko a cikin watt-hours (Wh).
- Wutar lantarki: yawan kuzarin da wani abu ke bayarwa ko yake sha a wani lokaci. Ana auna wutar lantarki a cikin watts ko watts, ana nuna alamar ta wasika W.
Wataƙila kuna iya sha'awar: Dokar Ohm da sirrinta, atisaye da abin da ta kafa
Dokar Watt
Dokar Watt ta bayyana cewa "Ana amfani da wutar lantarki da na'urar zata ci ko kuma ta bayar ta hanyar lantarki da kuma abinda yake gudana ta cikin na'urar."
Electricalarfin wutar lantarki na na'urar, a cewar Dokar Watt, ana ba da kalmar:
P = V x I
Ana auna wutar lantarki a cikin watts (W). "Power triangle" a cikin Hoto na 1 galibi ana amfani dashi don ƙayyade ƙarfi, ƙarfin lantarki, ko ƙarfin lantarki.
A cikin hoto na 2 an nuna hanyoyin da ke ƙunshe a cikin triangle ɗin wuta.
James Watt (Greenok, Scotland, 1736-1819)
Ya kasance injiniyan injiniya, mai kirkiro, kuma mai ilimin hada magunguna. A cikin 1775 ya kera injina na tururi, albarkacin gudummawar da ya bayar wajen haɓaka waɗannan injunan, ci gaban masana'antu ya fara. Shine mahaliccin injiniyar juyawa, injina masu tasiri biyu, kayan aikin nuna matsa lamba na tururi, da sauransu.
A cikin tsarin duniya na raka'a, naúrar don ƙarfi ita ce "watt" (Watt, W) don girmama wannan majagaba.
Lissafin amfani da makamashi da lissafin sabis na lantarki ta amfani da dokar Watt
Farawa daga gaskiyar cewa ƙarfin lantarki shine adadin kuzarin da wani abu ke bayarwa ko yake sha a wani lokaci, ana bada shi ne ta hanyar dabara a hoto na 3.
Yawanci ana auna wutar lantarki a cikin naúrar Wh, kodayake kuma ana iya auna ta a cikin joule (1 J = 1 Ws), ko kuma a cikin horsepower (hp). Don yin ma'aunai daban-daban muna ba da shawarar ka karanta labarinmu akan kayan auna lantarki.
Ayyukan 1 zartar da dokar Watt
Don abubuwan da ke cikin Hoto na 4, lissafa:
- Orarfin ikon
- Energyara ƙarfi don dakika 60
Darasi Aiki 1
A.- electricalarfin wutar lantarki wanda sashin yake sha yana ƙaddara bisa ga adadi na 5.
B.- Amfani da makamashi
Sakamakon:
p = 10 W; Makamashi = 600 J
Amfani da makamashin lantarki:
Masu ba da sabis na lantarki suna ƙayyade ƙididdiga gwargwadon yawan amfani da wutar lantarki.Canƙarin wutar lantarki ya dogara da ƙarfin da ake amfani da shi awa ɗaya. Ana auna shi a cikin kilowatt-hours (kWh), ko horsepower (hp).
Amfani da wutar lantarki = Makamashi = pt
Ayyukan 2 zartar da dokar Watt
Don kowane agogo a cikin Hoto na 8, an sayi batirin lithium 3 V. Batirin yana da ajiyar makamashi na joule 6.000 daga masana'anta. Sanin cewa agogo yana cin wutar lantarki ta 0.0001 A, a cikin kwanaki nawa zai ɗauki maye gurbin batirin?
Darasi Aiki 2
Determinedarfin wutar lantarki da mai kalkuleta ya ƙaddara ta hanyar amfani da Dokar Watt:
Idan makamashin da kalkuleta ya cinye shi ta hanyar haɗin Energy = pt, warware lokacin "t", da maye gurbin ƙimar kuzari da wutar lantarki, ana samun lokacin batir. Duba hoto na 6
Batirin yana da damar da zai ci gaba da lissafi na tsawon dakika 20.000.000, wanda yayi daidai da watanni 7,7.
Sakamakon:
Ya kamata a sauya batirin agogo bayan watanni 7.
Ayyukan 3 zartar da dokar Watt
Ana buƙatar sanin ƙididdigar yawan kuɗin wata-wata a cikin sabis na wutar lantarki don na gida, sanin cewa kuɗin kuɗin wutar lantarki ya kai 0,5 $ / kWh. Hoto na 7 ya nuna na'urorin da ke cin wutar lantarki a cikin gidajen:
- 30 W caja ta waya, tana aiki awanni 4 a rana
- Kwamfutar tebur, 120 W, tana aiki awanni 8 a rana
- Kwan fitila, 60 W, yana aiki awanni 8 a rana
- Fitilar tebur, 30 W, tana aiki awanni 2 a rana
- Kwamfyutan cinya, 60 W, yana aiki awanni 2 a rana
- TV, 20 W, tana aiki awanni 8 a rana
Magani:
Don ƙayyade amfani da wutar lantarki, ana amfani da dangantakar Amfani da Makamashi = pt. 30 W kuma ana amfani dashi awanni 4 a rana, zai cinye 120 Wh ko 0.120Kwh kowace rana, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 8.
Tebur 1 yana nuna lissafin amfani da lantarki na na'urorin gida. 1.900 Wh ko 1.9kWh ana sha kullum.
Tare da ƙimar 0,5 $ / kWh, sabis na lantarki zai ci kuɗi:
Sakamakon:
Kudin sabis na lantarki a cikin gidan shine $ 28,5 kowace wata, don cin 57 kWh kowace wata.
Yarjejeniyar alamar wucewa:
Wani kashi na iya sha ko samarda makamashi. Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki na wani abu yake da alamar tabbatacce, sinadarin yana ɗaukar kuzari. Idan wutar lantarki bata da kyau, sinadarin yana samarda makamashin lantarki. Duba hoto na 9
An kafa shi azaman "yarjejeniyar alamar wucewa" cewa ikon lantarki:
- Yana da kyau idan halin yanzu ya shiga ta cikin tashar wutar lantarki mai inganci a cikin kashi.
- Ba shi da kyau idan halin yanzu ya shiga ta cikin tashar mara kyau. Duba hoto na 10
Darasi 4 zartar da dokar Watt
Don abubuwan da aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 11, ƙididdige ikon wutar lantarki ta amfani da madaidaiciyar alamar alama kuma ku nuna ko ɓangaren yana samarwa ko karɓar makamashi:
Magani:
Hoto na 12 yana nuna lissafin wutar lantarki a kowace na’ura.
Sakamako
Zuwa. (Riba shekara A) Lokacin da halin yanzu ya shiga ta hanyar tashar ƙarshe, ƙarfin yana tabbatacce:
p = 20W, sinadarin yana ɗaukar kuzari.
B. (BaRiba don motsa jiki B) Lokacin da halin yanzu ya shiga ta hanyar tashar ƙarshe, ƙarfin yana tabbatacce:
p = - 6 W, kashi yana ba da ƙarfi.
Kammalawa don Dokar Watt:
Alarfin wutar lantarki, wanda aka auna a cikin wat (W), yana nuna yadda saurin wutar lantarki zai iya canzawa.
Dokar Watt tana ba da lissafi don lissafin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin tsarin lantarki, yana kafa alaƙar kai tsaye tsakanin ƙarfin, ƙarfin lantarki da na lantarki: p = vi
Nazarin wutar lantarki yana da amfani don ƙayyade aikin kayan aiki, a ƙirar iri ɗaya don rage yawan amfani da lantarki, don tarin sabis na lantarki, tsakanin sauran aikace-aikace.
Lokacin da na'urar ke cin kuzarin wutar lantarki tabbatacciya ce, idan ta samar da makamashi sai karfin yayi mummunan tasiri. Don nazarin iko a cikin da'irorin lantarki, ana amfani da alamar alamar tabbatacciyar alama, wanda ke nuna cewa ikon a cikin wani abu yana da tabbaci idan wutar lantarki ta shiga ta cikin tashar m.
Hakanan akan gidan yanar gizon mu zaku iya samun: Doka ta Kirchhoff, abin da ta kafa da yadda ake amfani da shi
